Sections

  1. Genotype Summary
  2. Prescribing Recommendations
  3. Allele Matching Details
  4. Disclaimers
Disclaimer: PharmCAT is only able to generate recommendations based on the information provided to the software. The gene and variant information for all reported sections are interpreted directly from user-supplied data. The user recognizes they are using PharmCAT at their own risk. For a full list of disclaimers and limitations see Section IV.

Section I: Genotype Summary

Genotypes called: 21 / 21

Drugs Gene Genotypes
Genotype Allele Functionality Phenotype
ABCG2
rs2231142 reference (G)/rs2231142 reference (G) Two Normal function alleles Normal Function
CACNA1S
Reference/Reference Two Normal function alleles Uncertain Susceptibility
CFTR
Reference/Reference Two ivacaftor non-responsive alleles ivacaftor non-responsive in CF patients
CYP2B6
*1/*1 Two Normal function alleles Normal Metabolizer
CYP2C19
*38/*38 Two Normal function alleles Normal Metabolizer
CYP2C9
*1/*1 Two 1.0 (Normal function) alleles Normal Metabolizer
CYP2D6
*1/*3 One 0.0 (No function) allele and one 1.0 (Normal function) allele Intermediate Metabolizer
CYP3A4
*1/*1 Two Normal function alleles Normal Metabolizer
CYP3A5
*1/*1 Two Normal function alleles Normal Metabolizer
CYP4F2
*1/*1 N/A N/A
DPYD
Reference/Reference
Reference 1.0 (Normal function) See drug section
G6PD
B (reference)/B (reference) Two IV/Normal alleles Normal
HLA-B
*15:02/*57:01 N/A *15:02 positive; *57:01 positive; *58:01 negative
IFNL3/4
rs12979860 reference (C)/rs12979860 reference (C) Two Favorable response allele alleles n/a
MT-RNR1
1555A>G Unassigned function n/a
NUDT15
*1/*1 Two Normal function alleles Normal Metabolizer
RYR1
Reference/Reference
Reference Normal function See drug section
SLCO1B1
*1/*1 Two Normal function alleles Normal Function
TPMT
*1/*1 Two Normal function alleles Normal Metabolizer
UGT1A1
*1/*1 Two Normal function alleles Normal Metabolizer
VKORC1
rs9923231 reference (C)/rs9923231 reference (C) N/A N/A
Check Section III for more details about this call.
PharmCAT reports the genotype(s) that receive the highest score during the matcher process. In case of unphased data, additional genotypes might be possible and cannot be ruled out.
CPIC terms for allele function and phenotype are used for all CPIC genes. For non-CPIC genes, DPWG terms are used.
For a full list of disclaimers and limitations see Section IV.

Section II: Prescribing Recommendations

abacavir

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotype

*57:01 positive

HLA-B: Significantly increased risk of abacavir hypersensitivity Abacavir is not recommended Strong

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotype

*57:01 positive

HLA-B*57:01-positive patients have a strongly increased risk of a hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir. 48% of the HLA-B*57:01-positive patients develop a severe and potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir Abacavir is contra-indicated for HLA-B*57:01-positive patients.
  1. Avoid abacavir.
Unspecified

FDA Label Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotype

*57:01 positive

"All patients should be screened for the HLA-B*5701 allele prior to initiating therapy with ZIAGEN [abacavir] or reinitiation of therapy with ZIAGEN, unless patients have a previously documented HLA-B*5701 allele assessment...ZIAGEN [abacavir] is contraindicated in patients: who have the HLA-B*5701 allele." See label for more information. * Unspecified

FDA PGx Association [Pharmacogenetic Associations for which the Data Support Therapeutic Management Recommendations]

Affected subgroup: HLA-B*57:01 allele positive

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotype

*57:01 positive

"Results in higher adverse reaction risk (hypersensitivity reactions). Do not use abacavir in patients positive for HLA-B*57:01." * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

acenocoumarol

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
  • VKORC1:
    rs9923231 reference (C)/
    rs9923231 reference (C)
Phenotype

-1639 GG

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of the -1639 GG genotype on acenocoumarol. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for acenocoumarol in patients with the VKORC1 rs9923231 CC genotype (-1639 GG genotype). No recommendation

Citations:

allopurinol

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

*58:01 negative

HLA-B: Low or reduced risk of allopurinol-induced SCAR Use allopurinol per standard dosing guidelines Strong

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
  • ABCG2:
    rs2231142 reference (G)/
    rs2231142 reference (G)
Phenotype

Normal Function

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of the ABCG2 rs2231142 GG genotype (c.421CC; p.141QQ) on allopurinol. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for allopurinol in patients with the the ABCG2 rs2231142 GG genotype (c.421CC; p.141QQ) No recommendation

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
HLA-B:*15:02/*57:01
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
HLA-B:*15:02/*57:01
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

amitriptyline

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotypes
CYP2C19:
Normal Metabolizer
CYP2D6:
Intermediate Metabolizer
Activity Scores
CYP2C19:
N/A
CYP2D6:
1.0
  • CYP2C19: Normal metabolism of tertiary amines
  • CYP2D6: Reduced metabolism of TCAs to less active compounds compared to normal metabolizers; Higher plasma concentrations of active drug will increase the probability of side effects
Consider a 25% reduction of recommended starting dose. Utilize therapeutic drug monitoring to guide dose adjustments.

Other Considerations

Patients may receive an initial low dose of a tricyclic, which is then increased over several days to the recommended steady-state dose. The starting dose in this guideline refers to the recommended steady-state dose. Dosing recommendations only apply to higher initial doses of TCAs for treatment of conditions such as depression. See other considerations for dosing recommendations for conditions where lower initial doses are used, such as neuropathic pain.
Moderate

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

The risk of side effects is increased, because the gene variation leads to higher plasma concentrations of the active metabolite nortriptyline and to a lesser extent of amitriptyline. Use 75% of the standard dose and monitor the efficacy and side effects or the plasma concentrations of amitriptyline and nortriptyline to adjust the maintenance dose Unspecified

FDA PGx Association [Pharmacogenetic Associations for which the Data Demonstrate a Potential Impact on Pharmacokinetic Properties Only]

Affected subgroup: CYP2D6 ultrarapid, intermediate, or poor metabolizers

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

"May alter systemic concentrations." * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

amoxapine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

FDA PGx Association [Pharmacogenetic Associations for which the Data Demonstrate a Potential Impact on Pharmacokinetic Properties Only]

Affected subgroup: CYP2D6 ultrarapid, intermediate, or poor metabolizers

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

"May alter systemic concentrations." * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

aripiprazole

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

The genetic variation increases the plasma concentration of the sum of aripiprazole and the active metabolite dehydroaripiprazole to a limited degree. There is insufficient evidence that this increases the risk of side effects. NO action is needed for this gene-drug interaction. Unspecified

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

atazanavir

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

UGT1A1: Reference UGT1A1 activity; very low likelihood of bilirubin-related discontinuation of atazanavir. There is no need to avoid prescribing of atazanavir based on UGT1A1 genetic test result. Inform the patient that some patients stop atazanavir because of jaundice (yellow eyes and skin), but that this patient’s genotype makes this unlikely (less than about a 1 in 20 chance of stopping atazanavir because of jaundice).

Other Considerations

All studies correlating UGT1A1 genotypes with atazanavir adverse events have involved ritonavir boosting. However, concentration-time profiles are equivalent when boosted with either cobicistat or ritonavir (PMID 23532097), and bilirubin-related adverse events including discontinuation of atazanavir occur in a similar percentage of patients prescribed atazanavir with cobicistat or ritonavir (PMID 23532097). Associations between UGT1A1 genotype, bilirubin elevations, and atazanavir/r discontinuation therefore almost certainly translate to atazanavir/cobicistat. "reference" function refers to the UGT1A1 allele to which other alleles are compared.
Strong

Citations:

atomoxetine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
adults

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

CYP2D6: Possibly higher atomoxetine concentrations as compared to normal metabolizers but questionable clinical significance. Intermediate metabolizers with an activity score of 1 may be at an increased risk of discontinuation as compared to poor metabolizers. Initiate with a dose of 40 mg/day and increase to 80 mg/day after 3 days. If no clinical response and in the absence of adverse events after 2 weeks, consider increasing dose to 100 mg/day. If no clinical response observed after 2 weeks, consider obtaining a peak plasma concentration (1 to 2 hours after dose administered). If <200 ng/mL, consider a proportional increase in dose to approach 400 ng/mL. Dosages greater than 100 mg/day may be needed to achieve target concentrations.

Other Considerations

Therapeutic range of 200 to 1000 ng/mL has been proposed (PMID 29493375). Limited data are available regarding the relationship between atomoxetine plasma concentrations and clinical response. Available information suggests that clinical response is greater in poor metabolizers (PMs) compared to non-PMs and may be related to the higher plasma concentrations 1 to 1.5 hours after dosing in PMs compared to non-PMs administered a similar dose. Furthermore, modest improvement in response, defined as reduction in ADHD-rating scale, is observed at peak concentrations greater than 400 ng/mL. Doses above 120 mg/day have not been evaluated.
Moderate

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
pediatrics

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

CYP2D6: Possibly higher atomoxetine concentrations as compared to normal metabolizers but questionable clinical significance. Intermediate metabolizers with an activity score of 1 may be at an increased risk of discontinuation as compared to poor metabolizers. Initiate with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day and increase to 1.2 mg/kg/day after 3 days. If no clinical response and in the absence of adverse events after 2 weeks, consider obtaining a peak plasma concentration (1 to 2 hours after dose administered). If < 200 ng/mL, consider a proportional increase in dose to approach 400 ng/mL.

Other Considerations

Therapeutic range of 200 to 1000 ng/mL has been proposed (PMID 29493375). Limited data are available regarding the relationship between atomoxetine plasma concentrations and clinical response. Available information suggests that clinical response is greater in poor metabolizers (PMs) compared to non-PMs and may be related to the higher plasma concentrations 1 to 1.5 hours after dosing in PMs compared to non-PMs administered a similar dose. Furthermore, modest improvement in response, defined as reduction in ADHD-rating scale, is observed at peak concentrations greater than 400 ng/mL.
Moderate

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

The dose requirement can be reduced, because the genetic variation results in a higher atomoxetine plasma concentration. In the event of side effects occurring and/or a response later than 9 weeks: reduce the dose and check whether the effect is conserved The plasma concentration of atomoxetine is a factor of 2-3 times higher for IM than for NM at the same dose. Unspecified

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

atorvastatin

The SLCO1B1 genotype (star nomenclature) will be displayed if determinable with the provided VCF based on the SLCO1B1 star allele definition published by CPIC and recommendations are provided based on the genotype.

In case no genotype can be determined, recommendations are based on the rs4149056 genotype alone as per guideline. The minor C allele at rs4149056 defines SLCO1B1*5.
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Function

SLCO1B1: Typical myopathy risk and statin exposure Prescribe desired starting dose and adjust doses based on disease-specific guidelines.

Other Considerations

The potential for drug-drug interactions and dose limits based on renal and hepatic function and ancestry should be evaluated prior to initiating a statin.
Strong

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Function

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of the _SLCO1B1_ 521 TT genotype on atorvastatin. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for atorvastatin in patients with the SLCO1B1 521 TT genotype No recommendation

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
SLCO1B1:*1/*1
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

azathioprine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotypes
NUDT15:
Normal Metabolizer
TPMT:
Normal Metabolizer
  • NUDT15: Normal risk of thiopurine-related leukopenia, neutropenia, myelosuppression
  • TPMT: Lower concentrations of TGN metabolites, higher MeTIMP, this is the ‘normal’ pattern. Normal risk of thiopurine-related leukopenia, neutropenia, myelosuppression.
Start with normal starting dose (e.g., 2-3 mg/kg/day) and adjust doses of azathioprine based on disease-specific guidelines. Allow 2 weeks to reach steady-state after each dose adjustment (PMID 20354201, 11302950, 15606506).

Other Considerations

Normal starting doses vary by race/ethnicity and treatment regimens. If standard dose is below normal recommended dose, dose reduction might not be recommended for intermediate metabolizers.
Strong

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of a normal metabolizer phenotype on azathioprine. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for azathioprine in normal metabolizers No recommendation

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of a normal metabolizer phenotype on azathioprine. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for azathioprine in normal metabolizers. No recommendation

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotypes
NUDT15:*1/*1;
TPMT:*1/*1
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotypes
NUDT15:*1/*1;
TPMT:*1/*1
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

brexpiprazole

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

There are indications supporting an increase in the exposure to brexpiprazole, but no indications supporting an increase in side effects in patients with this gene variation. NO action is required for this gene-drug interaction. Unspecified

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

capecitabine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
  • DPYD:Reference/
    Reference
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

Activity Score

2.0

DPYD: Normal DPD activity and "normal" risk for fluoropyrimidine toxicity Based on genotype, there is no indication to change dose or therapy. Use label-recommended dosage and administration. Strong

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
  • DPYD:Reference/
    Reference
Phenotype

2.0 (Normal Metabolizer)

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of a DPYD activity score of 2 on capecitabine. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for capecitabine in patients with a DPYD activity score of 2. No recommendation

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
DPYD:Reference/Reference
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
DPYD:Reference/Reference
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

carbamazepine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
CBZ naive

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotype

*15:02 positive

  • HLA-A: n/a
  • HLA-B: Greater risk of carbamazepine-induced SJS/TEN
If patient is carbamazepine-naïve, do not use carbamazepine.

Other Considerations

Other aromatic anticonvulsants have weaker evidence linking SJS/TEN with the HLA-B*15:02 allele; however, caution should still be used in choosing an alternative agent. Previous tolerance of carbamazepine is not indicative of tolerance to other aromatic anticonvulsants. Aromatic anticonvulsants include carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, eslicarbazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, fosphenytoin, and phenobarbital. In addition to HLA-B*15:02, risk for carbamazepine-induced SJS/TEN has been reported in association with the most common B75 serotype alleles in Southeast Asia, HLA-B*15:08, HLA-B*15:11, and HLA-B*15:21. Although not described, the possibility of carbamazepine-induced SJS/TEN in association with less frequently carried B75 serotype alleles, such as HLA-B*15:30 and HLA-B*15:31, should also be considered.
Strong

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
CBZ use >3mos

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

*15:02 positive

  • HLA-A: n/a
  • HLA-B: Greater risk of carbamazepine-induced SJS/TEN
The latency period for drug-induced SJS/TEN is short with continuous dosing and adherence to therapy (~4-28 days), and cases usually occur within three months of dosing; therefore, if the patient has previously used carbamazepine consistently for longer than three months without incidence of cutaneous adverse reactions, cautiously consider use of carbamazepine in the future.

Other Considerations

Previous tolerance of carbamazepine is not indicative of tolerance to other aromatic anticonvulsants. Aromatic anticonvulsants include carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, eslicarbazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, fosphenytoin, and phenobarbital. In addition to HLA-B*15:02, risk for carbamazepine-induced SJS/TEN has been reported in association with the most common B75 serotype alleles in Southeast Asia, HLA-B*15:08, HLA-B*15:11, and HLA-B*15:21. Although not described, the possibility of carbamazepine-induced SJS/TEN in association with less frequently carried B75 serotype alleles, such as HLA-B*15:30 and HLA-B*15:31, should also be considered.
Optional

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
CBZ-no alternatives

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotype

*15:02 positive

  • HLA-A: n/a
  • HLA-B: Greater risk of carbamazepine-induced SJS/TEN
If patient is carbamazepine-naïve, do not use carbamazepine.

Other Considerations

Other aromatic anticonvulsants have weaker evidence linking SJS/TEN with the HLA-B*15:02 allele; however, caution should still be used in choosing an alternative agent. Previous tolerance of carbamazepine is not indicative of tolerance to other aromatic anticonvulsants. Aromatic anticonvulsants include carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, eslicarbazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, fosphenytoin, and phenobarbital. In addition to HLA-B*15:02, risk for carbamazepine-induced SJS/TEN has been reported in association with the most common B75 serotype alleles in Southeast Asia, HLA-B*15:08, HLA-B*15:11, and HLA-B*15:21. Although not described, the possibility of carbamazepine-induced SJS/TEN in association with less frequently carried B75 serotype alleles, such as HLA-B*15:30 and HLA-B*15:31, should also be considered.
Strong

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotype

*15:02 positive

Patients with this genetic variation have a severely increased risk of experiencing the life-threatening cutaneous adverse event Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). The risk of carbamazepine-induced SJS/TEN in these patients is 1.8-3.4%.
  • Choose an alternative if possible. Phenytoin, lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine also pose an increased risk of SJS/TEN in these patients, but the final risk is 10-fold lower for these medicines than for carbamazepine. Furthermore, in the case of oxcarbazepine, the most severe forms (SJS/TEN overlap and TEN) have not been observed.
Unspecified

FDA Label Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotype

*15:02 positive

"Tegretol [carbamazepine] should not be used in patients positive for HLAB*1502 unless the benefits clearly outweigh the risks." See label for more information. * Unspecified

FDA PGx Association [Pharmacogenetic Associations for which the Data Support Therapeutic Management Recommendations]

Affected subgroup: HLA-B*15:02 allele positive

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotype

*15:02 positive

"Results in higher adverse reaction risk (severe skin reactions). Avoid use unless potential benefits outweigh risks and consider risks of alternative therapies. Patients positive for HLA-B*15:02 may be at increased risk of severe skin reactions with other drugs that are associated with a risk of Stevens Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). Genotyping is not a substitute for clinical vigilance." * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

celecoxib

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

Activity Score

2.0

CYP2C9: Normal metabolism Initiate therapy with recommended starting dose. In accordance with the prescribing information, use the lowest effective dosage for shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals. Strong

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2C9:*1/*1
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2C9:*1/*1
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

citalopram

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

CYP2C19: Normal metabolism Initiate therapy with recommended starting dose Strong

DPWG Guideline Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2C19:*38/*38
 
DPWG Guideline Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2C19:*38/*38
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2C19:*38/*38
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

clomipramine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotypes
CYP2C19:
Normal Metabolizer
CYP2D6:
Intermediate Metabolizer
Activity Scores
CYP2C19:
N/A
CYP2D6:
1.0
  • CYP2C19: Normal metabolism of tertiary amines
  • CYP2D6: Reduced metabolism of TCAs to less active compounds compared to normal metabolizers; Higher plasma concentrations of active drug will increase the probability of side effects
Consider a 25% reduction of recommended starting dose. Utilize therapeutic drug monitoring to guide dose adjustments.

Other Considerations

Patients may receive an initial low dose of a tricyclic, which is then increased over several days to the recommended steady-state dose. The starting dose in this guideline refers to the recommended steady-state dose. Dosing recommendations only apply to higher initial doses of TCAs for treatment of conditions such as depression. See other considerations for dosing recommendations for conditions where lower initial doses are used, such as neuropathic pain.
Optional

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

The risk of side effects may be increased, because the gene variation leads to increased plasma concentrations of clomipramine and the active metabolite desmethylclomipramine. Use 70% of the standard dose and monitor the effect and side effects or the plasma concentrations of clomipramine and desmethylclomipramine. For depression, the therapeutic range is 200-400 ng/mL for the sum of the plasma concentrations of clomipramine and desmethylclomipramine. For anxiety disorders, the therapeutic plasma concentration of clomipramine is approximately 100 ng/mL, in combination with a plasma concentration of desmethylclomipramine lower than 200 ng/mL. For obsessive compulsive disorder, the therapeutic plasma concentration of clomipramine is higher than 200 ng/mL, in combination with a plasma concentration of desmethylclomipramine that is as low as possible. A sum of the plasma concentrations of clomipramine and desmethylclomipramine higher than 600 ng/mL is considered toxic. Unspecified

FDA PGx Association [Pharmacogenetic Associations for which the Data Demonstrate a Potential Impact on Pharmacokinetic Properties Only]

Affected subgroup: CYP2D6 ultrarapid, intermediate, or poor metabolizers

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

"May alter systemic concentrations." * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

clopidogrel

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
CVI ACS PCI

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

CYP2C19: Normal clopidogrel active metabolite formation; normal on-treatment platelet reactivity If considering clopidogrel, use at standard dose (75 mg/day)

Other Considerations

For cardiovascular indications of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). ACS and/or PCI includes patients undergoing PCI for an ACS or non-ACS (elective) indication.
Strong

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
CVI non-ACS non-PCI

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

CYP2C19: Normal clopidogrel active metabolite formation; normal on-treatment platelet reactivity If considering clopidogrel, use at standard dose (75 mg/day)

Other Considerations

For non-acute coronary syndrome (non-ACS) and non-percutaneous coronary intervention (non-PCI) cardiovascular indications. Non-ACS, non-PCI cardiovascular indications include peripheral arterial disease and stable coronary artery disease following a recent myocardial infarction outside the setting of PCI.
Strong

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
NVI

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

CYP2C19: Normal clopidogrel active metabolite formation; normal on-treatment platelet reactivity If considering clopidogrel, use at standard dose (75 mg/day)

Other Considerations

For neurovascular indications. Neurovascular disease includes acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, secondary prevention of stroke, or prevention of thromboembolic events following neurointerventional procedures such as carotid artery stenting and stent-assisted coiling of intracranial aneurysms.
Strong

DPWG Guideline Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2C19:*38/*38
 
DPWG Guideline Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2C19:*38/*38
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2C19:*38/*38
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

codeine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

CYP2D6: Reduced morphine formation Use codeine label recommended age- or weight-specific dosing. If no response and opioid use is warranted, consider a non-tramadol opioid. Moderate

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Dosing Info
Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

The genetic variation reduces the conversion of codeine to morphine. This can result in reduced analgesia. For PAIN: It is not possible to offer adequately substantiated advice for dose adjustment based on the limited available literature for this phenotype.
  1. Be alert to a reduced effectiveness.
  2. In the case of inadequate effectiveness: 1. Try a dose increase. 2. If this does not work: choose an alternative. Do not select tramadol, as this is also metabolised by CYP2D6. Morphine is not metabolised by CYP2D6. Oxycodone is metabolised by CYP2D6 to a limited extent, but this does not result in differences in analgesia in patients.
  3. If no alternative is selected: advise the patient to report inadequate analgesia.
For COUGH: No action required.
Unspecified

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1, 2

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

dapsone

PharmCAT reports based on VCF file input and some VCF files do not specify hemizygous (one X chromosome) and instead represent samples as homozygous. See PharmCAT FAQs (https://pharmcat.org/faqs/).
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
  • G6PD:B (reference)/
    B (reference)
Phenotype

Normal

G6PD: Low risk of acute hemolytic anemia No reason to avoid based on G6PD status Strong

desflurane

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotypes
CACNA1S:
Uncertain Susceptibility
RYR1:
Uncertain Susceptibility
These results do not eliminate the chance that this patient is susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH). The genetic cause of about half of all MH survivors, with MH susceptibility confirmed by contracture test, remains unknown (PMID 28902675). Clinical findings, family history, further genetic testing and other laboratory data should guide use of halogenated volatile anesthetics or depolarizing muscle relaxants. Strong

FDA Label Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotypes
CACNA1S:
Uncertain Susceptibility
RYR1:
Uncertain Susceptibility
"The use of SUPRANE [desflurane] is contraindicated in...[cases of k]nown or suspected genetic susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia...SUPRANE [desflurane] can induce malignant hyperthermia in patients with known or suspected susceptibility based on genetic factors or family history, including those with certain inherited ryanodine receptor (RYR1) or dihydropyridine receptor (CACNA1S) variants. " See label for more information. * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

desipramine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

CYP2D6: Reduced metabolism of TCAs to less active compounds compared to normal metabolizers. Higher plasma concentrations of active drug will increase the probability of side effects. Consider a 25% reduction of recommended starting dose. Titrate dose to observed clinical response with symptom improvement and minimal (if any) side effects. Utilize therapeutic drug monitoring to guide dose adjustments.

Other Considerations

Patients may receive an initial low dose of a tricyclic, which is then increased over several days to the recommended steady-state dose. The starting dose in this guideline refers to the recommended steady-state dose. Dosing recommendations only apply to higher initial doses of TCAs for treatment of conditions such as depression. See other considerations for dosing recommendations for conditions where lower initial doses are used, such as neuropathic pain.
Optional

FDA PGx Association [Pharmacogenetic Associations for which the Data Demonstrate a Potential Impact on Pharmacokinetic Properties Only]

Affected subgroup: CYP2D6 ultrarapid, intermediate, or poor metabolizers

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

"May alter systemic concentrations." * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

dexlansoprazole

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

CYP2C19: Normal PPI metabolism; may be at increased risk of therapeutic failure compared to CYP2C19 IMs and PMs Initiate standard starting daily dose. Consider increasing dose by 50-100% for the treatment of H. pylori infection and erosive esophagitis. Daily dose may be given in divided doses. Monitor for efficacy. Optional

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2C19:*38/*38
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

doxepin

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotypes
CYP2C19:
Normal Metabolizer
CYP2D6:
Intermediate Metabolizer
Activity Scores
CYP2C19:
N/A
CYP2D6:
1.0
  • CYP2C19: Normal metabolism of tertiary amines
  • CYP2D6: Reduced metabolism of TCAs to less active compounds compared to normal metabolizers; Higher plasma concentrations of active drug will increase the probability of side effects
Consider a 25% reduction of recommended starting dose. Utilize therapeutic drug monitoring to guide dose adjustments.

Other Considerations

Patients may receive an initial low dose of a tricyclic, which is then increased over several days to the recommended steady-state dose. The starting dose in this guideline refers to the recommended steady-state dose. Dosing recommendations only apply to higher initial doses of TCAs for treatment of conditions such as depression. See other considerations for dosing recommendations for conditions where lower initial doses are used, such as neuropathic pain.
Optional

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

The risk of side effects may be increased, because the gene variation leads to increased plasma concentrations of doxepin and the active metabolite nordoxepin. Use 80% of the standard dose and monitor the effect and side effects or the plasma concentrations of doxepin and nordoxepin in order to set the maintenance dose. The therapeutic range is 100-250 ng/mL for the sum of doxepin and nordoxepin plasma concentrations. Values higher than 400 ng/mL are considered toxic. Unspecified

FDA PGx Association [Pharmacogenetic Associations for which the Data Demonstrate a Potential Impact on Pharmacokinetic Properties Only]

Affected subgroup: CYP2D6 ultrarapid, intermediate, or poor metabolizers

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

"May alter systemic concentrations." * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

efavirenz

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
child >40kg_adult

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

CYP2B6: Normal efavirenz metabolism Initiate efavirenz with standard dosing (600 mg/day)

Other Considerations

The ENCORE study showed that in treatment-naïve patients randomized to initiate efavirenz-based regimens (combined with tenofovir and emtricitabine), 400 mg/day was non-inferior to 600 mg/day regardless of CYP2B6 genotype (PMID 24522178).
Strong

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of a normal metabolizer phenotype on efavirenz. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for efavirenz in normal metabolizers. No recommendation

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2B6:*1/*1
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

eliglustat

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

This gene variation reduces the conversion of eliglustat to inactive metabolites. However, in the absence of CYP2D6 and CYP3A inhibitors, this does not result in a clinically significant increased risk of side effects. Co-medication with BOTH a MODERATE to STRONG CYP2D6 INHIBITOR AND a MODERATE to STRONG CYP3A INHIBITOR:
  • Eliglustat is contra-indicated. Choose an alternative if possible.
Strong CYP2D6 inhibitor: for example paroxetine, fluoxetine, quinidine, bupropione. Moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor: for example duloxetine, terbinafine, moclobemide, mirabegron, cinacalcet, dronedarone. Strong CYP3A inhibitor: for example ketoconazole, clarithromycin, itraconazole, cobicistat, indinavir, lopinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, telaprevir, tipranavir, posaconazole, voriconazole, telithromycin, conivaptan, boceprevir. Moderate CYP3A inhibitor: for example erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, fluconazole, diltiazem, verapamil, aprepitant, atazanavir, darunavir, fosamprenavir, imatinib, cimetidine. Co-medication with a STRONG CYP2D6 INHIBITOR (e.g. paroxetine, fluoxetine, quinidine, bupropione):
  • Use a dose of 84mg eliglustat 1x daily.
Co-medication with a MODERATE CYP2D6 INHIBITOR (for example duloxetine, terbinafine, moclobemide, mirabegron, cinacalcet, dronedarone):
  • Consider a dose of 84mg eliglustat 1x daily. Be alert to side effects.
Co-medication with a STRONG CYP3A INHIBITOR (for example ketoconazole, clarithromycin, itraconazole, cobicistat, indinavir, lopinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, telaprevir, tipranavir, posaconazole, voriconazole, telithromycin, conivaptan, boceprevir):
  • Choose an alternative if possible.
  • If an alternative is not an option: consider a dose of 84 mg eliglustat 1x daily and be alert to side effects.
Co-medication with a MODERATE CYP3A INHIBITOR (for example erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, fluconazole, diltiazem, verapamil, aprepitant, atazanavir, darunavir, fosamprenavir, imatinib, cimetidine):
  • Choose an alternative.
  • If an alternative is not an option: consider a dose of 84mg eliglustat 1x daily and be alert to side effects.
Co-medication with a STRONG CYP3A INDUCER (for example rifampicin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifabutine, hypericum): Eliglustat is not recommended. The plasma concentration may decrease so sharply that a therapeutic effect cannot be achieved.
  • Choose an alternative if possible.
NO co-medication with a moderate or strong CYP2D6 or CYP3A inhibitor or strong CYP3A inducer:
  • Use the standard dose of 84mg 2x daily.
Unspecified

FDA Label Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

CYP2D6 IMs have a recommended dose of 84 mg orally twice daily. * Unspecified

FDA PGx Association [Pharmacogenetic Associations for which the Data Support Therapeutic Management Recommendations]

Affected subgroup: CYP2D6 ultrarapid, normal, intermediate, or poor metabolizers

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

"Alters systemic concentrations, effectiveness, and adverse reaction risk (QT prolongation). Indicated for normal, intermediate, and poor metabolizer patients. Ultrarapid metabolizers may not achieve adequate concentrations to achieve a therapeutic effect. The recommended dosages are based on CYP2D6 metabolizer status. Coadministration with strong CYP3A inhibitors is contraindicated in intermediate and poor CYP2D6 metabolizers. Refer to FDA labeling for specific dosing recommendations." * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

enflurane

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotypes
CACNA1S:
Uncertain Susceptibility
RYR1:
Uncertain Susceptibility
These results do not eliminate the chance that this patient is susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH). The genetic cause of about half of all MH survivors, with MH susceptibility confirmed by contracture test, remains unknown (PMID 28902675). Clinical findings, family history, further genetic testing and other laboratory data should guide use of halogenated volatile anesthetics or depolarizing muscle relaxants. Strong

escitalopram

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

CYP2C19: Normal metabolism Initiate therapy with recommended starting dose Strong

DPWG Guideline Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2C19:*38/*38
 
DPWG Guideline Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2C19:*38/*38
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

flecainide

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

The genetic variation reduces conversion of flecainide to inactive metabolites. This may increase the risk of side effects. Indications other than diagnosis of Brugada syndrome:
  • Reduce the dose to 75% of the standard dose and record an ECG and monitor the plasma concentration.
Provocation test for diagnosis of Brugada syndrome:
  • No action required. At a dose of 2.0 mg/kg body weight to a maximum of 150 mg, the response is better for patients with alleles that result in reduced activity. All 5 patients with these alleles and 20% of the patients with two fully active alleles exhibited a response within 30 minutes.
Unspecified

Citations:

flucloxacillin

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

*57:01 positive

HLA-B*57:01-positive patients have an 80-fold elevated risk of flucloxacillin-induced liver injury. However, the incidence is low (1-2 per 1000 individuals).
  1. Regularly monitor the patient’s liver function
  2. Choose an alternative if liver enzymes and/or bilirubin levels are elevated
Unspecified

flucytosine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
  • DPYD:Reference/
    Reference
Phenotype

2.0 (Normal Metabolizer)

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of a DPYD activity score of 2 on flucytosine. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for flucytosine in patients with a DPYD activity score of 2. No recommendation

fluorouracil

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
  • DPYD:Reference/
    Reference
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

Activity Score

2.0

DPYD: Normal DPD activity and "normal" risk for fluoropyrimidine toxicity Based on genotype, there is no indication to change dose or therapy. Use label-recommended dosage and administration. Strong

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
  • DPYD:Reference/
    Reference
Phenotype

2.0 (Normal Metabolizer)

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of a DPYD activity score of 2 on fluorouracil. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for fluorouracil in patients with a DPYD activity score of 2. No recommendation

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
DPYD:Reference/Reference
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
DPYD:Reference/Reference
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

flurbiprofen

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

Activity Score

2.0

CYP2C9: Normal metabolism Initiate therapy with recommended starting dose. In accordance with the prescribing information, use the lowest effective dosage for shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals. Strong

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2C9:*1/*1
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2C9:*1/*1
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

fluvastatin

The SLCO1B1 genotype (star nomenclature) will be displayed if determinable with the provided VCF based on the SLCO1B1 star allele definition published by CPIC and recommendations are provided based on the genotype.

In case no genotype can be determined, recommendations are based on the rs4149056 genotype alone as per guideline. The minor C allele at rs4149056 defines SLCO1B1*5.
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotypes
CYP2C9:
Normal Metabolizer
SLCO1B1:
Normal Function
Activity Scores
CYP2C9:
2.0
SLCO1B1:
N/A
  • CYP2C9: Normal exposure.
  • SLCO1B1: Typical myopathy risk and statin exposure.
Prescribe desired starting dose and adjust doses of fluvastatin based on disease-specific guidelines.

Other Considerations

The potential for drug-drug interactions and dose limits based on renal and hepatic function and ancestry should be evaluated prior to initiating a statin.
Strong

fluvoxamine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

CYP2D6: Reduced metabolism of fluvoxamine to less active compounds when compared to CYP2D6 normal metabolizers. Higher plasma concentrations may increase the probability of side effects. Initiate therapy with recommended starting dose. Moderate

FDA Label Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

The fluvoxamine label states: "Caution is indicated in patients known to have reduced levels of cytochrome P450 2D6 activity[...]" See label for more information. * Unspecified

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

fosphenytoin

The displayed recommendation for CYP2C9 and phenytoin is ONLY valid for non-carriers of the HLA-B*15:02 high-risk allele. PharmCAT Named Allele Matcher does not determine HLA status. CPIC guidance: Fos-/Phenytoin is contraindicated in individuals with the HLA-B*15:02 variant allele ("HLA-B*15:02-positive") due to significantly increased risk of fos-/phenytoin-induced cutaneous adverse reactions of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). In HLA-B*15:02 carriers, carbamazepine should not be used as an alternative. Alternative medications such as oxcarbazepine, eslicarbazepine acetate, and lamotrigine have some evidence linking SJS/TEN with the HLA-B*15:02 allele, and thus caution should be used in choosing alternatives to phenytoin.
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
PHT naive

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotypes
CYP2C9:
Normal Metabolizer
HLA-B:
*15:02 positive
Activity Scores
CYP2C9:
2.0
HLA-B:
N/A
  • CYP2C9: Normal phenytoin metabolism
  • HLA-B: Increased risk of phenytoin-induced SJS/TEN
If patient is phenytoin-naive, do not use phenytoin/fosphenytoin. Avoid carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine.

Other Considerations

Other aromatic anticonvulsants, including eslicarbazepine, lamotrigine, and phenobarbital, have weaker evidence linking SJS/TEN with the HLA-B*15:02 allele; however, caution should still be used in choosing an alternative agent.
Strong

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
PHT use >3mos

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotypes
CYP2C9:
Normal Metabolizer
HLA-B:
*15:02 positive
Activity Scores
CYP2C9:
2.0
HLA-B:
N/A
  • CYP2C9: Normal phenytoin metabolism
  • HLA-B: Increased risk of phenytoin-induced SJS/TEN
If the patient has previously used phenytoin continuously for longer than three months without incidence of cutaneous adverse reactions, cautiously consider use of phenytoin in the future. The latency period for drug-induced SJS/TEN is short with continuous dosing and adherence to therapy (4-28 days), and cases usually occur within three months of dosing.

Other Considerations

Previous tolerance of phenytoin is not indicative of tolerance to other aromatic anticonvulsants.
Optional

FDA Label Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotypes
CYP2C9:
Normal Metabolizer
HLA-B:
*15:02 positive
Activity Scores
CYP2C9:
2.0
HLA-B:
N/A
"Consider avoiding CEREBYX [fosphenytoin] as an alternative to carbamazepine in patients who are positive for HLA-B*1502 or in CYP2C9*3 carriers." See label for more information. * Unspecified

FDA PGx Association [Pharmacogenetic Associations for which the Data Support Therapeutic Management Recommendations]

HLA-B*15:02 allele positive

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotype

*15:02 positive

"May result in higher adverse reaction risk (severe cutaneous reactions). Patients positive for HLA-B*15:02 may be at increased risk of Stevens Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). Consider avoiding fosphenytoin as an alternative to carbamazepine in patients who are positive for HLA-B*15:02. Genotyping is not a substitute for clinical vigilance and patient management." * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

haloperidol

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

The genetic variation results in a higher plasma concentration, but the effect is small and no clinically significant effects were found. NO action is required for this gene-drug interaction. Unspecified

Citations:

halothane

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotypes
CACNA1S:
Uncertain Susceptibility
RYR1:
Uncertain Susceptibility
These results do not eliminate the chance that this patient is susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH). The genetic cause of about half of all MH survivors, with MH susceptibility confirmed by contracture test, remains unknown (PMID 28902675). Clinical findings, family history, further genetic testing and other laboratory data should guide use of halogenated volatile anesthetics or depolarizing muscle relaxants. Strong

hydrocodone

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

CYP2D6: Minimal evidence for pharmacokinetic or clinical effect. Use hydrocodone label recommended age- or weight-specific dosing. If no response and opioid use is warranted, consider non-codeine or non-tramadol opioid. Optional

ibuprofen

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

Activity Score

2.0

CYP2C9: Normal metabolism Initiate therapy with recommended starting dose. In accordance with the prescribing information, use the lowest effective dosage for shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals. Strong

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2C9:*1/*1
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

imipramine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotypes
CYP2C19:
Normal Metabolizer
CYP2D6:
Intermediate Metabolizer
Activity Scores
CYP2C19:
N/A
CYP2D6:
1.0
  • CYP2C19: Normal metabolism of tertiary amines
  • CYP2D6: Reduced metabolism of TCAs to less active compounds compared to normal metabolizers; Higher plasma concentrations of active drug will increase the probability of side effects
Consider a 25% reduction of recommended starting dose. Utilize therapeutic drug monitoring to guide dose adjustments.

Other Considerations

Patients may receive an initial low dose of a tricyclic, which is then increased over several days to the recommended steady-state dose. The starting dose in this guideline refers to the recommended steady-state dose. Dosing recommendations only apply to higher initial doses of TCAs for treatment of conditions such as depression. See other considerations for dosing recommendations for conditions where lower initial doses are used, such as neuropathic pain.
Optional

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

The risk of side effects may be increased, because the gene variation leads to increased plasma concentrations of imipramine and desipramine. Use 70% of the standard dose and monitor the effect and side effects or the plasma concentrations of imipramine and desipramine in order to set the maintenance dose. The therapeutic range is 150-300 ng/mL for the sum of the imipramine and desipramine plasma concentrations. Values exceeding 500 ng/mL are considered toxic. Unspecified

FDA PGx Association [Pharmacogenetic Associations for which the Data Demonstrate a Potential Impact on Pharmacokinetic Properties Only]

Affected subgroup: CYP2D6 ultrarapid, intermediate, or poor metabolizers

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

"May alter systemic concentrations." * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

irinotecan

Alleles determined based on the CPIC UGT1A1 allele definition file due to limited allele definition information in the DPWG UGT1A1 document
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of a normal metabolizer phenotype on irinotecan. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for irinotecan in normal metabolizers No recommendation

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
UGT1A1:*1/*1
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
UGT1A1:*1/*1
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

isoflurane

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotypes
CACNA1S:
Uncertain Susceptibility
RYR1:
Uncertain Susceptibility
These results do not eliminate the chance that this patient is susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH). The genetic cause of about half of all MH survivors, with MH susceptibility confirmed by contracture test, remains unknown (PMID 28902675). Clinical findings, family history, further genetic testing and other laboratory data should guide use of halogenated volatile anesthetics or depolarizing muscle relaxants. Strong

FDA Label Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotypes
CACNA1S:
Uncertain Susceptibility
RYR1:
Uncertain Susceptibility
"CONTRAINDICATIONS...with known or suspected genetic susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia...FORANE [isoflurane] can induce malignant hyperthermia in patients with known or suspected susceptibility based on genetic factors or family history, including those with certain inherited ryanodine receptor (RYR1) or dihydropyridine receptor (CACNA1S) variants." See label for more information. * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

ivacaftor

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Alternate Drug
Genotype
  • CFTR:Reference/
    Reference
Phenotype

ivacaftor non-responsive in CF patients

CFTR: An individual diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF) and negative for a CFTR variant listed in the FDA-approved drug label as being responsive to ivacaftor. Ivacaftor is not recommended Moderate

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
CFTR:Reference/Reference
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

lamotrigine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

*15:02 positive

The life-threatening cutaneous side effect Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN) occurs more often in patients with this genetic variation. Based on the estimated risk for all patients and the increase by a factor 3.6 for patients with this genetic variation, the risk of lamotrigine-induced SJS/TEN in patients with HLA-B*1502 is estimated at 0.4%.
  • Carefully weigh the risk of SJS/TEN against the benefits.
  • Avoid lamotrigine if an alternative is available.
    • Carbamazepine carries a much higher risk of SJS/TEN in these patients and is therefore not an alternative.
    • A similar risk has been reported for phenytoin as for lamotrigine.
    • The same applies to oxcarbazepine, but the most severe forms (SJS/TEN overlap and TEN) have not been observed with oxcarbazepine.
  • If it is not possible to avoid these products, advise the patient to report any rash immediately.
Unspecified

lansoprazole

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

CYP2C19: Normal PPI metabolism; may be at increased risk of therapeutic failure compared to CYP2C19 IMs and PMs Initiate standard starting daily dose. Consider increasing dose by 50-100% for the treatment of H. pylori infection and erosive esophagitis. Daily dose may be given in divided doses. Monitor for efficacy. Moderate

DPWG Guideline Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2C19:*38/*38
 
DPWG Guideline Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2C19:*38/*38
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

lornoxicam

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

Activity Score

2.0

CYP2C9: Normal metabolism Initiate therapy with recommended starting dose. In accordance with the prescribing information, use the lowest effective dosage for shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals. Strong

lovastatin

The SLCO1B1 genotype (star nomenclature) will be displayed if determinable with the provided VCF based on the SLCO1B1 star allele definition published by CPIC and recommendations are provided based on the genotype.

In case no genotype can be determined, recommendations are based on the rs4149056 genotype alone as per guideline. The minor C allele at rs4149056 defines SLCO1B1*5.
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Function

SLCO1B1: Typical myopathy risk and statin exposure Prescribe desired starting dose and adjust doses based on disease-specific guidelines.

Other Considerations

The potential for drug-drug interactions and dose limits based on renal and hepatic function and ancestry should be evaluated prior to initiating a statin.
Strong

meclizine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

FDA Label Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

"The genetic polymorphism of CYP2D6 that results in poor-, intermediate-, extensive-, and ultrarapid metabolizer phenotypes could contribute to large inter-individual variability in meclizine exposure." "... when ANTIVERT® [meclizine] is administered to patients with CYP2D6 polymorphism, monitor for adverse reactions and clinical effect accordingly." See label for more information. * Unspecified

FDA PGx Association [Pharmacogenetic Associations for which the Data Support Therapeutic Management Recommendations]

Affected subgroup: CYP2D6 ultrarapid, intermediate, or poor metabolizers

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

"May affect systemic concentrations. Monitor for adverse reactions and clinical effect." * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

meloxicam

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

Activity Score

2.0

CYP2C9: Normal metabolism Initiate therapy with recommended starting dose. In accordance with the prescribing information, use the lowest effective dosage for shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals. Strong

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2C9:*1/*1
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2C9:*1/*1
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

mercaptopurine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotypes
NUDT15:
Normal Metabolizer
TPMT:
Normal Metabolizer
  • NUDT15: Normal risk of thiopurine-related leukopenia, neutropenia, myelosuppression
  • TPMT: Lower concentrations of TGN metabolites, higher MeTIMP, this is the ‘normal’ pattern. Normal risk of thiopurine-related leukopenia, neutropenia, myelosuppression.
Start with normal starting dose (e.g., 75 mg/m2/day or 1.5 mg/kg/day) and adjust doses of mercaptopurine (and of any other myelosuppressive therapy) without any special emphasis on mercaptopurine compared to other agents. Allow at least 2 weeks to reach steady-state after each dose adjustment (PMID 20354201, 16401827, 11302950).

Other Considerations

Normal starting doses vary by race/ethnicity and treatment regimens. If standard dose is below normal recommended dose, dose reduction might not be recommended for intermediate metabolizers.
Strong

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of a normal metabolizer phenotype on mercaptopurine. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for mercaptopurine in normal metabolizers No recommendation

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of a normal metabolizer phenotype on mercaptopurine. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for mercaptopurine in normal metabolizers. No recommendation

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotypes
NUDT15:*1/*1;
TPMT:*1/*1
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotypes
NUDT15:*1/*1;
TPMT:*1/*1
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

methoxyflurane

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotypes
CACNA1S:
Uncertain Susceptibility
RYR1:
Uncertain Susceptibility
These results do not eliminate the chance that this patient is susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH). The genetic cause of about half of all MH survivors, with MH susceptibility confirmed by contracture test, remains unknown (PMID 28902675). Clinical findings, family history, further genetic testing and other laboratory data should guide use of halogenated volatile anesthetics or depolarizing muscle relaxants. Strong

methylene blue

PharmCAT reports based on VCF file input and some VCF files do not specify hemizygous (one X chromosome) and instead represent samples as homozygous. See PharmCAT FAQs (https://pharmcat.org/faqs/).
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
  • G6PD:B (reference)/
    B (reference)
Phenotype

Normal

G6PD: Low risk of acute hemolytic anemia No reason to avoid based on G6PD status Strong

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
G6PD:B (reference)/B (reference)
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

metoprolol

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

Decreased metabolism of metoprolol leading to increased drug concentrations; however, this does not appear to translate into clinically significant changes in heart rate, blood pressure, or clinical outcomes Initiate standard dosing Moderate

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

The gene variation reduces the conversion of metoprolol to inactive metabolites. However, the clinical consequences are limited mainly to the occurrence of asymptomatic bradycardia. If a GRADUAL REDUCTION in HEART RATE is desired, or in the event of SYMPTOMATIC BRADYCARDIA:
  • Use smaller steps in dose titration and/or prescribe no more than 50% of the standard dose.
OTHER CASES:
  • No action required.
Unspecified

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

nitrofurantoin

PharmCAT reports based on VCF file input and some VCF files do not specify hemizygous (one X chromosome) and instead represent samples as homozygous. See PharmCAT FAQs (https://pharmcat.org/faqs/).
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
  • G6PD:B (reference)/
    B (reference)
Phenotype

Normal

G6PD: Low risk of acute hemolytic anemia No reason to avoid based on G6PD status Strong

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
G6PD:B (reference)/B (reference)
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

nortriptyline

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

CYP2D6: Reduced metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants to less active compounds compared to normal metabolizers. Higher plasma concentrations of active drug will increase the probability of side effects. Consider a 25% reduction of recommended starting dose. Titrate dose to observed clinical response with symptom improvement and minimal (if any) side effects. Utilize therapeutic drug monitoring to guide dose adjustments.

Other Considerations

Patients may receive an initial low dose of a tricyclic, which is then increased over several days to the recommended steady-state dose. The starting dose in this guideline refers to the recommended steady-state dose. Dosing recommendations only apply to higher initial doses of tricyclic antidepressants for treatment of conditions such as depression. See other considerations for dosing recommendations for conditions where lower initial doses are used, such as neuropathic pain.
Optional

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

The risk of side effects may be increased, because the gene variation leads to an increased plasma concentration of nortriptyline. Use 60% of the standard dose and monitor the effect and side effects or the plasma concentration of nortriptyline in order to set the maintenance dose. The therapeutic range of nortriptyline is 50-150 ng/mL. Values exceeding 250 ng/mL are considered toxic. Unspecified

FDA PGx Association [Pharmacogenetic Associations for which the Data Demonstrate a Potential Impact on Pharmacokinetic Properties Only]

Affected subgroup: CYP2D6 ultrarapid, intermediate, or poor metabolizers

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

"May alter systemic concentrations." * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

omeprazole

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

CYP2C19: Normal PPI metabolism; may be at increased risk of therapeutic failure compared to CYP2C19 IMs and PMs Initiate standard starting daily dose. Consider increasing dose by 50-100% for the treatment of H. pylori infection and erosive esophagitis. Daily dose may be given in divided doses. Monitor for efficacy. Moderate

DPWG Guideline Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2C19:*38/*38
 
DPWG Guideline Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2C19:*38/*38
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

ondansetron

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

CYP2D6: Very limited data available for CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizers Insufficient evidence demonstrating clinical impact based on CYP2D6 genotype. Initiate therapy with recommended starting dose.

Other Considerations

Drug-drug interactions and other patient characteristics (e.g., age, renal function, and liver function) should be considered when selecting alternative therapy.
No recommendation

oxcarbazepine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
OXC naive

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotype

*15:02 positive

HLA-B: Greater risk of oxcarbazepine-induced SJS/TEN If patient is oxcarbazepine-naïve, do not use oxcarbazepine.

Other Considerations

Other aromatic anticonvulsants have weaker evidence linking SJS/TEN with the HLA-B*15:02 allele; however, caution should still be used in choosing an alternative agent. Aromatic anticonvulsants include carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, eslicarbazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, fosphenytoin, and phenobarbital.
Strong

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
OXC use >3 mos

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

*15:02 positive

HLA-B: Greater risk of oxcarbazepine-induced SJS/TEN The latency period for drug-induced SJS/TEN is short with continuous dosing and adherence to therapy (~4-28 days), and cases usually occur within three months of dosing; therefore, if the patient has previously used oxcarbazepine consistently for longer than three months without incidence of cutaneous adverse reactions, cautiously consider use of oxcarbazepine in the future.

Other Considerations

Previous tolerance of oxcarbazepine is not indicative of tolerance to other aromatic anticonvulsants. Aromatic anticonvulsants include carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, eslicarbazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, fosphenytoin, and phenobarbital.
Optional

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

*15:02 positive

Stevens-Johnson syndrome, the severe cutaneous side effect that can potentially result in permanent damage, occurs more often in patients with this genetic variation. The calculated risk of oxcarbazepine-induced SJS in patients with HLA-B*1502 is 0.73%.
  • Carefully weigh the risk of SJS against the benefits.
  • Avoid oxcarbazepine if an alternative is available.
    • Carbamazepine carries a 10-fold higher risk of SJS/TEN in these patients and is therefore not an alternative.
    • In these patients, phenytoin and lamotrigine carry a similar risk of SJS/TEN as oxcarbazepine, but more severe forms of SJS/TEN (SJS/TEN overlap and TEN) are also observed with these medicines. Therefore, they are also not suitable as alternatives.
  • If it is not possible to avoid oxcarbazepine, advise the patient to report any rash immediately
Unspecified

FDA Label Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotype

*15:02 positive

"The use of oxcarbazepine should be avoided in patients positive for HLA-B*1502 unless the benefits clearly outweigh the risks." See label for more information. * Unspecified

FDA PGx Association [Pharmacogenetic Associations for which the Data Indicate a Potential Impact on Safety or Response]

Affected subgroup: HLA-B*15:02 allele positive

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

*15:02 positive

"Results in higher adverse reaction risk (severe skin reactions). Patients positive for HLA-B*15:02 may be at increased risk of severe skin reactions with other drugs that are associated with a risk of Stevens Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). Genotyping is not a substitute for clinical vigilance." * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

pantoprazole

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

CYP2C19: Normal PPI metabolism; may be at increased risk of therapeutic failure compared to CYP2C19 IMs and PMs Initiate standard starting daily dose. Consider increasing dose by 50-100% for the treatment of H. pylori infection and erosive esophagitis. Daily dose may be given in divided doses. Monitor for efficacy. Moderate

DPWG Guideline Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2C19:*38/*38
 
DPWG Guideline Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2C19:*38/*38
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2C19:*38/*38
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

paroxetine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

CYP2D6: Reduced metabolism of paroxetine to less active compounds when compared to CYP2D6 normal metabolizers when starting treatment or at lower doses. Higher plasma concentrations may increase the probability of side effects. Paroxetine-associated phenoconversion of intermediate metabolizers to poor metabolizers due to CYP2D6 autoinhibition may occur and is dose-dependent and greater at steady state concentrations. Consider a lower starting dose and slower titration schedule as compared to normal metabolizers.

Other Considerations

Drug-drug interactions and other patient characteristics (e.g., age, renal function, liver function) should be considered when adjusting dose or selecting an alternative therapy.
Optional

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

The plasma concentration of paroxetine can increase as a result of the reduced activity of CYP2D6. However, studies did not find any clinical effects. NO action is needed for this gene-drug interaction. Unspecified

FDA PGx Association [Pharmacogenetic Associations for which the Data Demonstrate a Potential Impact on Pharmacokinetic Properties Only]

Affected subgroup: CYP2D6 ultrarapid, intermediate, or poor metabolizers

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

"May alter systemic concentrations." * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

pazopanib

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

FDA PGx Association [Pharmacogenetic Associations for which the Data Indicate a Potential Impact on Safety or Response]

Affected subgroup: HLA-B*57:01 allele positive

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

*57:01 positive

"May result in higher adverse reaction risk (liver enzyme elevations). Monitor liver function tests regardless of genotype." * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

pegloticase

PharmCAT reports based on VCF file input and some VCF files do not specify hemizygous (one X chromosome) and instead represent samples as homozygous. See PharmCAT FAQs (https://pharmcat.org/faqs/).
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
  • G6PD:B (reference)/
    B (reference)
Phenotype

Normal

G6PD: Low risk of acute hemolytic anemia No reason to avoid based on G6PD status Strong

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
G6PD:B (reference)/B (reference)
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

phenprocoumon

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
  • VKORC1:
    rs9923231 reference (C)/
    rs9923231 reference (C)
Phenotype

-1639 GG

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of the VKORC1 rs9923231 CC genotype (-1639 GG genotype) on phenprocoumon. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for phenprocoumon in patients with the VKORC1 rs9923231 CC genotype (-1639 GG genotype). No recommendation

Citations:

phenytoin

The displayed recommendation for CYP2C9 and phenytoin is ONLY valid for non-carriers of the HLA-B*15:02 high-risk allele. PharmCAT Named Allele Matcher does not determine HLA status. CPIC guidance: Fos-/Phenytoin is contraindicated in individuals with the HLA-B*15:02 variant allele ("HLA-B*15:02-positive") due to significantly increased risk of fos-/phenytoin-induced cutaneous adverse reactions of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). In HLA-B*15:02 carriers, carbamazepine should not be used as an alternative. Alternative medications such as oxcarbazepine, eslicarbazepine acetate, and lamotrigine have some evidence linking SJS/TEN with the HLA-B*15:02 allele, and thus caution should be used in choosing alternatives to phenytoin.
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
PHT naive

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotypes
CYP2C9:
Normal Metabolizer
HLA-B:
*15:02 positive
Activity Scores
CYP2C9:
2.0
HLA-B:
N/A
  • CYP2C9: Normal phenytoin metabolism
  • HLA-B: Increased risk of phenytoin-induced SJS/TEN
If patient is phenytoin-naive, do not use phenytoin/fosphenytoin. Avoid carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine.

Other Considerations

Other aromatic anticonvulsants, including eslicarbazepine, lamotrigine, and phenobarbital, have weaker evidence linking SJS/TEN with the HLA-B*15:02 allele; however, caution should still be used in choosing an alternative agent.
Strong

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
PHT use >3mos

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotypes
CYP2C9:
Normal Metabolizer
HLA-B:
*15:02 positive
Activity Scores
CYP2C9:
2.0
HLA-B:
N/A
  • CYP2C9: Normal phenytoin metabolism
  • HLA-B: Increased risk of phenytoin-induced SJS/TEN
If the patient has previously used phenytoin continuously for longer than three months without incidence of cutaneous adverse reactions, cautiously consider use of phenytoin in the future. The latency period for drug-induced SJS/TEN is short with continuous dosing and adherence to therapy (4-28 days), and cases usually occur within three months of dosing.

Other Considerations

Previous tolerance of phenytoin is not indicative of tolerance to other aromatic anticonvulsants.
Optional

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of a normal metabolizer phenotype on phenytoin. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for phenytoin in normal metabolizers. No recommendation

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

*15:02 positive

The life-threatening cutaneous side effect Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) occurs more frequently in patients with this genetic variation. The calculated risk of phenytoin-induced SJS/TEN in patients with HLA-B*1502 is 0.65%.
  • Carefully weigh the risk of SJS/TEN against the benefits
  • Avoid phenytoin if an alternative is possible
    • Carbamazepine carries a 10-fold higher risk of SJS/TEN for these patients and is therefore not an alternative.
    • A comparable risk has been reported for lamotrigine as for phenytoin. The same applies for oxcarbazepine, but the most severe forms (SJS/TEN overlap and TEN) are not observed with oxcarbazepine.
  • if it is not possible to avoid this medication, then advise the patient to report any skin rash immediately
Unspecified

FDA Label Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotypes
CYP2C9:
Normal Metabolizer
HLA-B:
*15:02 positive
Activity Scores
CYP2C9:
2.0
HLA-B:
N/A
"Consider avoiding DILANTIN [phenytoin] as an alternative to carbamazepine in patients who are positive for HLA-B*1502 or in CYP2C9*3 carriers." See label for more information. * Unspecified

FDA PGx Association [Pharmacogenetic Associations for which the Data Support Therapeutic Management Recommendations]

HLA-B*15:02 allele positive

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotype

*15:02 positive

"May result in higher adverse reaction risk (severe cutaneous reactions). Patients positive for HLA-B*15:02 may be at increased risk of Stevens Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). Consider avoiding phenytoin as an alternative to carbamazepine in patients who are positive for HLA-B*15:02. Genotyping is not a substitute for clinical vigilance and patient management." * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

pimozide

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

The risk of QT-prolongation – and thereby also the risk of torsade de points – is theoretically increased, because the genetic variation results in an increase in the plasma concentration of pimozide. The elevated plasma concentration and associated theoretical increased risk of QT elongation can be negated by following the dose recommendations provided below. Use no more than the following doses (80% of the normal maximum dose):
  • 12 years and older: 16 mg/day
  • younger than 12 years: 0.08 mg/kg per day to a maximum of 3 mg/day
Unspecified

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

piroxicam

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

Activity Score

2.0

CYP2C9: Normal metabolism Initiate therapy with recommended starting dose. In accordance with the prescribing information, use the lowest effective dosage for shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals. Strong

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2C9:*1/*1
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2C9:*1/*1
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

pitavastatin

The SLCO1B1 genotype (star nomenclature) will be displayed if determinable with the provided VCF based on the SLCO1B1 star allele definition published by CPIC and recommendations are provided based on the genotype.

In case no genotype can be determined, recommendations are based on the rs4149056 genotype alone as per guideline. The minor C allele at rs4149056 defines SLCO1B1*5.
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Function

SLCO1B1: Typical myopathy risk and statin exposure Prescribe desired starting dose and adjust doses based on disease-specific guidelines.

Other Considerations

The potential for drug-drug interactions and dose limits based on renal and hepatic function and ancestry should be evaluated prior to initiating a statin.
Strong

pravastatin

The SLCO1B1 genotype (star nomenclature) will be displayed if determinable with the provided VCF based on the SLCO1B1 star allele definition published by CPIC and recommendations are provided based on the genotype.

In case no genotype can be determined, recommendations are based on the rs4149056 genotype alone as per guideline. The minor C allele at rs4149056 defines SLCO1B1*5.
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Function

SLCO1B1: Typical myopathy risk and statin exposure Prescribe desired starting dose and adjust doses based on disease-specific guidelines.

Other Considerations

The potential for drug-drug interactions and dose limits based on renal and hepatic function and ancestry should be evaluated prior to initiating a statin.
Strong

primaquine

PharmCAT reports based on VCF file input and some VCF files do not specify hemizygous (one X chromosome) and instead represent samples as homozygous. See PharmCAT FAQs (https://pharmcat.org/faqs/).
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
  • G6PD:B (reference)/
    B (reference)
Phenotype

Normal

G6PD: Low risk of acute hemolytic anemia No reason to avoid based on G6PD status Strong

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
G6PD:B (reference)/B (reference)
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

propafenone

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

Genetic variation increases the sum of the plasma concentrations of propafenone and the active metabolite 5-hydroxypropafenone. This may increase the risk of side effects. It is not possible to offer adequately substantiated recommendations for dose adjustment based on the literature.
  • Either guide the dose by therapeutic drug monitoring, perform an ECG and be alert to side effects.
  • Or choose an alternative. Antiarrhythmic drugs that are hardly if at all metabolised by CYP2D6 include, for example, sotalol, disopyramide, quinidine and amiodarone.
Unspecified

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

Citations:

quetiapine

The CYP3A4 alleles are determined based on PharmVar CYP3A4 allele definitions. See PharmCAT disclaimer for further information.
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of a normal metabolizer phenotype on quetiapine. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for quetiapine in normal metabolizers. No recommendation

rasburicase

PharmCAT reports based on VCF file input and some VCF files do not specify hemizygous (one X chromosome) and instead represent samples as homozygous. See PharmCAT FAQs (https://pharmcat.org/faqs/).
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
  • G6PD:B (reference)/
    B (reference)
Phenotype

Normal

G6PD: Low risk of acute hemolytic anemia No reason to avoid based on G6PD status Strong

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
G6PD:B (reference)/B (reference)
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

risperidone

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

There is little evidence to support an increase in side effects caused by the gene variation. The gene variation may lead to a decrease in the required maintenance dose. However, as the effect on the dose is smaller than that of the normal biological variation, action is not useful. NO action is needed for this gene-drug interaction. Unspecified

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

rosuvastatin

The SLCO1B1 genotype (star nomenclature) will be displayed if determinable with the provided VCF based on the SLCO1B1 star allele definition published by CPIC and recommendations are provided based on the genotype.

In case no genotype can be determined, recommendations are based on the rs4149056 genotype alone as per guideline. The minor C allele at rs4149056 defines SLCO1B1*5.
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
  • ABCG2:
    rs2231142 reference (G)/
    rs2231142 reference (G)
    ;
    SLCO1B1:*1/*1
Phenotypes
ABCG2:
Normal Function
SLCO1B1:
Normal Function
  • ABCG2: Typical myopathy risk and rosuvastatin exposure
  • SLCO1B1: Typical myopathy risk and statin exposure
Prescribe desired starting dose and adjust doses of rosuvastatin based on disease-specific and specific population guidelines.

Other Considerations

The potential for drug-drug interactions and dose limits based on renal and hepatic function and Asian ancestry should be evaluated prior to initiating rosuvastatin.
Strong

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
SLCO1B1:*1/*1
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

sertraline

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotypes
CYP2B6:
Normal Metabolizer
CYP2C19:
Normal Metabolizer
  • CYP2B6: Normal metabolism of sertraline to less active compounds.
  • CYP2C19: Normal metabolism
Initiate therapy with recommended starting dose. Strong

DPWG Guideline Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2C19:*38/*38
 
DPWG Guideline Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

sevoflurane

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotypes
CACNA1S:
Uncertain Susceptibility
RYR1:
Uncertain Susceptibility
These results do not eliminate the chance that this patient is susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH). The genetic cause of about half of all MH survivors, with MH susceptibility confirmed by contracture test, remains unknown (PMID 28902675). Clinical findings, family history, further genetic testing and other laboratory data should guide use of halogenated volatile anesthetics or depolarizing muscle relaxants. Strong

FDA Label Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotypes
CACNA1S:
Uncertain Susceptibility
RYR1:
Uncertain Susceptibility
"CONTRAINDICATIONS: Known or suspected genetic susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia...ULTANE [sevoflurane] can induce malignant hyperthermia in patients with known or suspected susceptibility based on genetic factors or family history, including those with certain inherited ryanodine receptor (RYR1) or dihydropyridine receptor (CACNA1S) variants." See label for more information. * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

simvastatin

The SLCO1B1 genotype (star nomenclature) will be displayed if determinable with the provided VCF based on the SLCO1B1 star allele definition published by CPIC and recommendations are provided based on the genotype.

In case no genotype can be determined, recommendations are based on the rs4149056 genotype alone as per guideline. The minor C allele at rs4149056 defines SLCO1B1*5.
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Function

SLCO1B1: Typical myopathy risk and statin exposure Prescribe desired starting dose and adjust doses based on disease-specific guidelines.

Other Considerations

The potential for drug-drug interactions and dose limits based on renal and hepatic function and ancestry should be evaluated prior to initiating a statin.
Strong

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Function

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of the SLCO1B1 521 TT genotype on simvastatin. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for atorvastatin in patients with the SLCO1B1 521 TT genotype. No recommendation

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
SLCO1B1:*1/*1
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

siponimod

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of a normal metabolizer phenotype on siponimod. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for siponimod in normal metabolizers. No recommendation

FDA Label Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

Activity Score

2.0

The MAYZENT (siponimod) label states: "Recommended Dosage in Patients With CYP2C9 Genotypes *1/*1, *1/*2, or *2/*2" "Initiate MAYZENT with a 5-day titration, as shown in Table 1... A starter pack should be used for patients who will be titrated to the 2-mg maintenance dosage" "After treatment titration (see Treatment Initiation), the recommended maintenance dosage of MAYZENT is 2 mg taken orally once daily starting on Day 6." See label for more information. * Unspecified

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2C9:*1/*1
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

succinylcholine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotypes
CACNA1S:
Uncertain Susceptibility
RYR1:
Uncertain Susceptibility
These results do not eliminate the chance that this patient is susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH). The genetic cause of about half of all MH survivors, with MH susceptibility confirmed by contracture test, remains unknown (PMID 28902675). Clinical findings, family history, further genetic testing and other laboratory data should guide use of halogenated volatile anesthetics or depolarizing muscle relaxants. Strong

FDA Label Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotypes
CACNA1S:
Uncertain Susceptibility
RYR1:
Uncertain Susceptibility
"ANECTINE [succinylcholine] is contraindicated in patients with...[k]nown or suspected genetic susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia...Anectine [succinylcholine] can induce malignant hyperthermia in patients with known or suspected susceptibility based on genetic factors or family history, including those with certain inherited ryanodine receptor (RYR1) or dihydropyridine receptor (CACNA1S) variants...Succinylcholine is metabolized by plasma cholinesterase and should be used with caution, if at all, in patients known to be or suspected of being homozygous for the atypical plasma cholinesterase gene [BCHE] ." See label for more information. * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

tacrolimus

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

CYP3A5: Lower dose-adjusted trough concentrations of tacrolimus and decreased chance of achieving target tacrolimus concentrations. Increase starting dose 1.5 to 2 times recommended starting dose. Total starting dose should not exceed 0.3 mg/kg/day. Use therapeutic drug monitoring to guide dose adjustments.

Other Considerations

This recommendation includes the use of tacrolimus in kidney, heart, lung and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients, and liver transplant patients where the donor and recipient genotypes are identical. Further dose adjustments or selection of alternative therapy may be necessary due to other clinical factors (e.g., medication interactions, or hepatic function). Typically with other CYP enzymes, a normal metabolizer would be classified as having normal metabolism, and therefore, the drug dose would not change based on the patient’s genotype. However, in the case of CYP3A5 and tacrolimus, a CYP3A5 expresser (i.e., CYP3A5 normal metabolizer or intermediate metabolizer) would require a higher recommended starting dose, and the CYP3A5 non-expresser (i.e., poor metabolizer) would require the standard recommended starting dose.
Strong

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

An increase of the initial dose can result in an increased chance of reaching a tacrolimus concentration within the target range before the start of therapeutic drug monitoring. However, there is no direct evidence that this results in improved clinical results. The genetic variation results in an increased conversion of tacrolimus to inactive metabolites and therefore a higher required dose. LIVER TRANSPLANTATION In addition to the patient’s genotype, the metabolism of tacrolimus is also determined by the genotype of the transplanted liver. LIVER is also of the genotype HOMOZYGOUS EXPRESSOR: Use 2.5 times the normal initial dose. Adjustment of the dose should then be based on therapeutic drug monitoring. LIVER has a DIFFERENT genotype: There is insufficient evidence in the literature to support a dose recommendation. OTHER TRANSPLANTATION Use 2.5 times the initial dose that would yield the desired result in non-expressers. Adjustment of the dose should then be based on therapeutic drug monitoring. For example: One Dutch study found a median trough concentration for tacrolimus after three days of 9.4 ng/mL at an initial dose of 0.15 mg/kg twice daily for 5 homozygous kidney transplant patients. Their target value was 10 - 15 ng/mL. Unspecified

FDA PGx Association [Pharmacogenetic Associations for which the Data Support Therapeutic Management Recommendations]

Affected subgroup: CYP3A5 intermediate or normal metabolizers

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

"Results in lower systemic concentrations, lower probability of achieving target concentrations and may result in higher rejection risk. Measure drug concentrations and adjust dosage based on trough whole blood tacrolimus concentrations." * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

tafenoquine

PharmCAT reports based on VCF file input and some VCF files do not specify hemizygous (one X chromosome) and instead represent samples as homozygous. See PharmCAT FAQs (https://pharmcat.org/faqs/).
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
  • G6PD:B (reference)/
    B (reference)
Phenotype

Normal

G6PD: Low risk of acute hemolytic anemia No reason to avoid based on G6PD status

Other Considerations

Tafenoquine’s safety has been established for a G6PD enzyme activity ≥70% of normal. (Inclusion criteria for clinical trials involving tafenoquine included G6PD activity ≥70%.)
Strong

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
G6PD:B (reference)/B (reference)
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

tamoxifen

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Alternate Drug
Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

CYP2D6: Lower endoxifen concentrations compared to normal metabolizers; higher risk of breast cancer recurrence, event-free and recurrence-free survival compared to normal metabolizers. Consider hormonal therapy such as an aromatase inhibitor for postmenopausal women or aromatase inhibitor along with ovarian function suppression in premenopausal women, given that these approaches are superior to tamoxifen regardless of CYP2D6 genotype (PMID 26211827). If aromatase inhibitor use is contraindicated, consideration should be given to use a higher but FDA approved tamoxifen dose (40 mg/day)(PMID 27226358). Avoid CYP2D6 strong to weak inhibitors. Optional

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

This gene variation reduces the conversion of tamoxifen to the active metabolite endoxifen. This can result in reduced effectiveness.
  • Select an alternative or measure the endoxifen concentration and increase the dose if necessary, by a factor of 1.5-2. Aromatase inhibitors are a possible alternative for post-menopausal women.
  • If TAMOXIFEN is selected: avoid co-medication with CYP2D6 inhibitors such as paroxetine and fluoxetine.
Unspecified

FDA PGx Association [Pharmacogenetic Associations for which the Data Demonstrate a Potential Impact on Pharmacokinetic Properties Only]

Affected subgroup: CYP2D6 intermediate or poor metabolizers

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

"Results in lower systemic active metabolite concentrations. The impact of CYP2D6 intermediate or poor metabolism on efficacy is not well established." * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

tegafur

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
  • DPYD:Reference/
    Reference
Phenotype

2.0 (Normal Metabolizer)

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of a DPYD activity score of 2 on tegafur. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for tegafur in patients with a DPYD activity score of 2. No recommendation

Citations:

tenoxicam

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

Activity Score

2.0

CYP2C9: Normal metabolism Initiate therapy with recommended starting dose. In accordance with the prescribing information, use the lowest effective dosage for shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals. Strong

tetrabenazine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

FDA Label Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

"Genotyped patients who are identified as extensive (EMs) or intermediate metabolizers (IMs) of CYP2D6, who need doses of XENAZINE [tetrabenazine] above 50 mg per day, should be titrated up slowly at weekly intervals by 12.5 mg daily, to allow the identification of a tolerated dose that reduces chorea. Doses above 50 mg per day should be given in a three times a day regimen. The maximum recommended daily dose is 100 mg and the maximum recommended single dose is 37.5 mg. If adverse reactions such as akathisia, parkinsonism, depression, insomnia, anxiety or sedation occur, titration should be stopped and the dose should be reduced. If the adverse reaction does not resolve, consideration should be given to withdrawing XENAZINE [tetrabenazine] treatment or initiating other specific treatment." See label for more information * Unspecified

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

thioguanine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotypes
NUDT15:
Normal Metabolizer
TPMT:
Normal Metabolizer
  • NUDT15: Normal risk of thiopurine-related leukopenia, neutropenia, myelosuppression
  • TPMT: Lower concentrations of TGN metabolites, but note that TGN after thioguanine are 5-10X higher than TGN after mercaptopurine or azathioprine. Normal risk of thiopurine-related leukopenia, neutropenia, myelosuppression.
Start with normal starting dose (e.g., 40-60 mg/m2/day) and adjust doses of thioguanine and of other myelosuppressive therapy without any special emphasis on thioguanine. Allow 2 weeks to reach steady-state after each dose adjustment (PMID 20354201, 11037857).

Other Considerations

Normal starting doses vary by race/ethnicity and treatment regimens. If standard dose is below normal recommended dose, dose reduction might not be recommended for intermediate metabolizers.
Strong

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of a normal metabolizer phenotype on thioguanine. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for thioguanine in normal metabolizers No recommendation

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of a normal metabolizer phenotype on thioguanine. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for thioguanine in normal metabolizers. No recommendation

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotypes
NUDT15:*1/*1;
TPMT:*1/*1
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotypes
NUDT15:*1/*1;
TPMT:*1/*1
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

thioridazine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

FDA Label Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

"...thioridazine is contraindicated...in patients, comprising about 7% of the normal population, who are known to have a genetic defect leading to reduced levels of activity of P450 2D6." See label for more information. * Unspecified

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

toluidine blue

PharmCAT reports based on VCF file input and some VCF files do not specify hemizygous (one X chromosome) and instead represent samples as homozygous. See PharmCAT FAQs (https://pharmcat.org/faqs/).
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
  • G6PD:B (reference)/
    B (reference)
Phenotype

Normal

G6PD: Low risk of acute hemolytic anemia No reason to avoid based on G6PD status

Other Considerations

Toluidine blue classification strength is based on extrapolation from methylene blue data
Strong

tramadol

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

CYP2D6: Reduced O-desmethyltramadol (active metabolite) formation Use tramadol label recommended age- or weight-specific dosing. If no response and opioid use is warranted, consider non-codeine opioid. Optional

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Dosing Info
Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

The genetic variation reduces the conversion of tramadol to a metabolite with a higher activity. This can result in reduced analgesia. It is not possible to provide a recommendation for dose adjustment, because the total analgesic effect changes when the ratio between the mother compound and the active metabolite changes.
  1. Be alert to a reduced effectiveness.
  2. In the case of inadequate effectiveness:
  • a. Try a dose increase.
  • b. If this does not work: choose an alternative. Do not select codeine, as this is also metabolised by CYP2D6. Morphine is not metabolised by CYP2D6. Oxycodone is metabolised by CYP2D6 to a limited extent, but this does not result in differences in analgesia in patients.
  1. If no alternative is selected: advise the patient to report inadequate analgesia.
Unspecified

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1, 2

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

trimipramine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotypes
CYP2C19:
Normal Metabolizer
CYP2D6:
Intermediate Metabolizer
Activity Scores
CYP2C19:
N/A
CYP2D6:
1.0
  • CYP2C19: Normal metabolism of tertiary amines
  • CYP2D6: Reduced metabolism of TCAs to less active compounds compared to normal metabolizers; Higher plasma concentrations of active drug will increase the probability of side effects
Consider a 25% reduction of recommended starting dose. Utilize therapeutic drug monitoring to guide dose adjustments.

Other Considerations

Patients may receive an initial low dose of a tricyclic, which is then increased over several days to the recommended steady-state dose. The starting dose in this guideline refers to the recommended steady-state dose. Dosing recommendations only apply to higher initial doses of TCAs for treatment of conditions such as depression. See other considerations for dosing recommendations for conditions where lower initial doses are used, such as neuropathic pain.
Optional

FDA PGx Association [Pharmacogenetic Associations for which the Data Demonstrate a Potential Impact on Pharmacokinetic Properties Only]

Affected subgroup: CYP2D6 ultrarapid, intermediate, or poor metabolizers

Other Guidance
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

"May alter systemic concentrations." * Unspecified
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

tropisetron

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

CYP2D6: Very limited data available for CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizers Insufficient evidence demonstrating clinical impact based on CYP2D6 genotype. Initiate therapy with recommended starting dose.

Other Considerations

Drug-drug interactions and other patient characteristics (e.g., age, renal function, and liver function) should be considered when selecting alternative therapy.
No recommendation

venlafaxine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

CYP2D6: Decreased metabolism of venlafaxine to active metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine (desvenlafaxine) and decreased O-desmethylvenlafaxine:venlafaxine ratio as compared to normal metabolizers. There is insufficient evidence supporting the clinical impact of the decreased O-desmethylvenlafaxine:venlafaxine ratio in CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizers. No action recommended based on genotype for venlafaxine because of minimal evidence regarding the impact on efficacy or side effects. No recommendation

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Alternate Drug
Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

There are indications of an increased risk of side effects and a reduced chance of efficacy. The gene variation reduces the conversion of venlafaxine to the active metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine, whilst an association between high O-desmethylvenlafaxine/venlafaxine ratios and response without side effects was found. It is not possible to offer adequately substantiated advice for dose reduction based on the literature.
  • Avoid venlafaxine. Antidepressants that are not metabolised by CYP2D6 - or to a lesser extent - include, for example, duloxetine, mirtazapine, citalopram and sertraline.
  • If it is not possible to avoid venlafaxine and side effects occur:
  1. Reduce the dose
  2. Monitor the effect and side effects or check the plasma concentrations of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine. It is not known whether it is possible to reduce the dose to such an extent that the side effects disappear, while the effectiveness is maintained. In general, it is assumed that the effectiveness is determined by the sum of the plasma concentrations of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine. However, the side effects do not appear to be related to this sum.
Unspecified

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

voriconazole

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
adults

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

CYP2C19: Normal voriconazole metabolism Initiate therapy with recommended standard of care dosing

Other Considerations

Further dose adjustments or selection of alternative therapy may be necessary due to other clinical factors, such as drug interactions, hepatic function, renal function, species, site of infection, therapeutic drug monitoring, and comorbidities.
Strong

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
pediatrics

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

CYP2C19: Normal voriconazole metabolism Initiate therapy with recommended standard of care dosing

Other Considerations

Further dose adjustments or selection of alternative therapy may be necessary due to other clinical factors, such as drug interactions, hepatic function, renal function, species, site of infection, therapeutic drug monitoring, and comorbidities.
Strong

DPWG Guideline Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2C19:*38/*38
 
DPWG Guideline Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2C19:*38/*38
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

vortioxetine

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
general

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

CYP2D6: Reduced metabolism of vortioxetine to less active compounds when compared to CYP2D6 normal metabolizers. Higher plasma concentrations may increase the probability of side effects. Initiate therapy with recommended starting dose. Moderate

FDA Label Annotation 1

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA Label Annotation provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

FDA PGx Association 1

Genotype
CYP2D6:*1/*3
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.

warfarin

Please follow the flow chart in figure 2 of the CPIC warfarin guideline to determine the appropriate dosing recommendation.
The CPIC warfarin guideline only considers a single SNV in VKORC1 (rs9923231), which has varying frequency among different ancestral populations, and largely explains the differences in average dose requirements between people of European, African, and Asian descents. While other functional variants in VKORC1 have been associated with warfarin resistance (high dose requirements), there are currently no CPIC recommendations for how to use these other variants in warfarin dosing. An alternate name for rs9923231 is -1639G>A (note that VKORC1 is on the negative chromosomal strand, so displayed alleles are complemented).
Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

CPIC Guideline Annotation

Population:
N/A

Genotype
  • CYP2C9:*1/*1;
    CYP4F2:*1/*1;
    VKORC1:
    rs9923231 reference (C)/
    rs9923231 reference (C)
    ;
    rs12777823:G/G
Figure 2 from the CPIC guideline for warfarin

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of a normal metabolizer phenotype on warfarin. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for warfarin in normal metabolizers. No recommendation

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

No Action
Genotype
  • VKORC1:
    rs9923231 reference (C)/
    rs9923231 reference (C)
Phenotype

-1639 GG

The guideline does not provide a description of the impact of the VKORC1 rs9923231 CC genotype (-1639 GG genotype) on warfarin. The guideline does not provide a recommendation for warfarin in patients with the VKORC1 rs9923231 CC genotype (-1639 GG genotype). No recommendation

FDA Label Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Dosing Info
Genotype
  • CYP2C9:*1/*1;
    VKORC1:
    rs9923231 reference (C)/
    rs9923231 reference (C)
Phenotype

Normal Metabolizer

Activity Scores
CYP2C9:
2.0
VKORC1:
N/A
Table 1 in the drug label provides ranges of expected maintenance daily doses of warfarin (COUMADIN) based on CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3 and VKORC1−1639G>A (rs9923231) genotypes. For CYP2C9*1/*1, VKORC1 GG (rs9923231CC), the range of expected maintenance daily dose is 5-7 mg. * Unspecified

FDA PGx Association 1, 2

Genotypes
CYP2C9:*1/*1;
VKORC1:rs9923231 reference (C)/rs9923231 reference (C)
 
FDA PGx Association provides no genotype-based recommendations for this genotype, after evaluating the evidence.
* Text in quotation is taken directly from the FDA Label or FDA PGx Association table. For a label PDF with highlighted PGx content use the link in the Source column or go to PharmGKB.

zuclopenthixol

Source Genes Implications Recommendation Classification

DPWG Guideline Annotation

Population:
Unspecified

Dosing Info
Genotype
Phenotype

Intermediate Metabolizer

Activity Score

1.0

The risk of side effects may be elevated. The genetic variation leads to decreased conversion of zuclopentixol, which causes the plasma concentration to be approximately 1.35-fold higher. Use 75% of the normal dose. Unspecified

Citations:

Drugs With No Guidance

The following drugs are known to be associated with the given genes but have no guidance for their genotypes.

  • Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), combinations
  • Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), plain
  • abrocitinib
  • acetaminophen / caffeine / dihydrocodeine
  • amikacin
  • amphetamine
  • aripiprazole lauroxil
  • articaine / epinephrine
  • avatrombopag
  • belinostat
  • belzutifan
  • brivaracetam
  • bupivacaine
  • carisoprodol
  • carvedilol
  • cevimeline
  • chloroquine
  • chlorpropamide
  • clobazam
  • clozapine
  • dabrafenib
  • darifenacin
  • deutetrabenazine
  • dextromethorphan / quinidine
  • dextromethorphan hydrobromide / bupropion hydrochloride
  • diazepam
  • dibekacin
  • dolutegravir
  • donepezil
  • dronabinol
  • elagolix
  • erdafitinib
  • esomeprazole
  • fesoterodine
  • flibanserin
  • fluoxetine
  • flutamide
  • galantamine
  • gefitinib
  • gentamicin
  • glimepiride
  • glipizide
  • glyburide
  • hydroxychloroquine
  • iloperidone
  • kanamycin
  • lesinurad
  • lidocaine / prilocaine
  • lidocaine and tetracaine
  • lofexidine
  • mavacamten
  • mepivacaine
  • metoclopramide
  • mirabegron
  • moviprep
  • nalidixic acid
  • nateglinide
  • nebivolol
  • neomycin
  • netilmicin
  • nilotinib
  • oliceridine
  • oxymetazoline and tetracaine
  • paromomycin
  • peginterferon alfa-2a
  • peginterferon alfa-2b
  • perphenazine
  • pitolisant
  • plazomicin
  • propranolol
  • protriptyline
  • rabeprazole
  • raltegravir
  • ribavirin
  • ribostamycin
  • sacituzumab govitecan
  • sodium ascorbate
  • sodium nitrite
  • streptomycin
  • sulfasalazine
  • tamsulosin
  • tobramycin
  • tolazamide
  • tolbutamide
  • tolterodine
  • valbenazine
  • viloxazine

Section III: Allele Matching Details

  1. ABCG2 allele match data
  2. CACNA1S allele match data
  3. CFTR allele match data
  4. CYP2B6 allele match data
  5. CYP2C19 allele match data
  6. CYP2C9 allele match data
  7. CYP2D6 allele match data
  8. CYP3A4 allele match data
  9. CYP3A5 allele match data
  10. CYP4F2 allele match data
  11. DPYD allele match data
  12. G6PD allele match data
  13. HLA-B allele match data
  14. IFNL3/4 allele match data
  15. MT-RNR1 allele match data
  16. NUDT15 allele match data
  17. RYR1 allele match data
  18. SLCO1B1 allele match data
  19. TPMT allele match data
  20. UGT1A1 allele match data
  21. VKORC1 allele match data

ABCG2 allele match data

Variant Matched: rs2231142 reference (G)/rs2231142 reference (G)
Phasing Status:

Unphased

PharmCAT reports the genotype(s) that receive the highest score during the matcher process. In case of unphased data, additional genotypes might be possible and cannot be ruled out.

Calls at Positions

Position in VCF RSID Call in VCF Reference Related Alleles and Function Warnings
chr4:88131171 rs2231142 G/G G
  • rs2231142 variant (T) - Decreased function

CACNA1S allele match data

Variant Matched: Reference/Reference
Phasing Status:

Unphased

PharmCAT reports the genotype(s) that receive the highest score during the matcher process. In case of unphased data, additional genotypes might be possible and cannot be ruled out.

The CACNA1S Reference allele assignment is characterized by the absence of variants at the positions that are included in the underlying allele definitions.

Calls at Positions

Position in VCF RSID Call in VCF Reference Related Alleles and Function Warnings
chr1:201060815 rs1800559 C/C C
  • c.3257G>A - Malignant Hyperthermia associated
chr1:201091993 rs772226819 G/G G
  • c.520C>T - Malignant Hyperthermia associated

CFTR allele match data

Variant Matched: Reference/Reference
Phasing Status:

Unphased

PharmCAT reports the genotype(s) that receive the highest score during the matcher process. In case of unphased data, additional genotypes might be possible and cannot be ruled out.

Calls at Positions

Position in VCF RSID Call in VCF Reference Related Alleles and Function Warnings
chr7:117509035 rs397508256 G/G G
  • E56K - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117509069 rs368505753 C/C C
  • P67L - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117509089 rs115545701 C/C C
  • R74W - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117530953 rs113993958 G/G G
  • D110H - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117530955 rs397508537 C/C C
  • D110E - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117530974 rs77834169 C/C C
  • R117C - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117530975 rs78655421 G/G G
  • R117H - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117534318 rs80282562 G/G G
  • G178R - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117534363 rs397508759 G/G G
  • E193K - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117534368 rs397508761 A/A A
  • 711+3A->G - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117535285 rs121908752 T/T T
  • L206W - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117540270 rs77932196 G/G G
  • R347H - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117540285 rs121908753 G/G G
  • R352Q - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117548795 rs74551128 C/C C
  • A455E - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117587799 rs121908757 A/A A
  • S549R(A>C) - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117587800 rs121908755 G/G G
  • S549N - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117587801 rs121909005 T/T T
  • S549R(T>G) - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117587805 rs121909013 G/G G
  • G551S - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117587806 rs75527207 G/G G
  • G551D - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117590409 rs397508288 A/A A
  • D579G - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117594930 rs397508387 G/G G
  • E831X - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117602868 rs80224560 G/G G
  • 2789+5G->A - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117603708 rs397508442 C/C C
  • S945L - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117606695 rs141033578 C/C C
  • S977F - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117611555 rs76151804 A/A A
  • 3272-26A->G - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117611595 rs150212784 T/T T
  • F1052V - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117611620 rs397508513 A/A A
  • K1060T - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117611640 rs121909020 G/G G
  • A1067T - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117611646 rs200321110 G/G G
  • G1069R - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117611649 rs202179988 C/C C
  • R1070W - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117611650 rs78769542 G/G G
  • R1070Q - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117611663 rs186045772 T/T T
  • F1074L - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117614699 rs75541969 G/G G
  • D1152H - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117639961 rs75039782 C/C C
  • 3849+10kbC->T - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117642451 rs267606723 G/G G
  • G1244E - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117642472 rs74503330 G/G G
  • S1251N - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117642483 rs121909041 T/T T
  • S1255P - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117642528 rs11971167 G/G G
  • D1270N - ivacaftor responsive
chr7:117664770 rs193922525 G/G G
  • G1349D - ivacaftor responsive

CYP2B6 allele match data

Allele Matched: *1/*1
Phasing Status:

Unphased

PharmCAT reports the genotype(s) that receive the highest score during the matcher process. In case of unphased data, additional genotypes might be possible and cannot be ruled out.

The CYP2B6 *1 allele assignment is characterized by the absence of variants at the positions that are included in the underlying allele definitions.

Calls at Positions

Position in VCF RSID Call in VCF Reference Related Alleles and Function Warnings
chr19:40991224 rs34223104 T/T T
  • *22 - Uncertain function
  • *34 - Decreased function
  • *35 - Uncertain function
  • *36 - Decreased function
chr19:40991367 rs34883432 A/A A
  • *10 - Uncertain function
chr19:40991369 rs8192709 C/C C
  • *2 - Normal function
  • *10 - Uncertain function
chr19:40991381 rs33973337 A/A A
  • *17 - Normal function
chr19:40991388 rs33980385 A/A A
  • *17 - Normal function
chr19:40991390 rs33926104 C/C C
  • *17 - Normal function
chr19:40991391 rs34284776 G/G G
  • *17 - Normal function
chr19:40991441 rs35303484 A/A A
  • *11 - Uncertain function
chr19:41004015 rs281864907 T/T T
  • *38 - No function
chr19:41004125 rs36060847 G/G G
  • *12 - No function
chr19:41004133 rs148009906 G/G G
  • *44 - Uncertain function
chr19:41004158 rs186335453 G/G G
  • *35 - Uncertain function
chr19:41004303 rs139801276 T/T T
  • *35 - Uncertain function
chr19:41004377 rs12721655 A/A A
  • *8 - No function
  • *13 - No function
chr19:41004380 rs535039125 C/C C
  • *39 - Decreased function
chr19:41004381 rs35773040 G/G G
  • *14 - Uncertain function
chr19:41004406 rs145884402 G/G G
  • *35 - Uncertain function
chr19:41006919 rs3826711 C/C C
  • *26 - Decreased function
chr19:41006923 rs36056539 C/C C
  • *20 - Decreased function
chr19:41006936 rs3745274 G/G G
  • *6 - Decreased function
  • *7 - Decreased function
  • *9 - Decreased function
  • *13 - No function
  • *19 - Decreased function
  • *20 - Decreased function
  • *26 - Decreased function
  • *34 - Decreased function
  • *36 - Decreased function
  • *37 - Decreased function
  • *38 - No function
  • *39 - Decreased function
  • *40 - Decreased function
  • *41 - Decreased function
  • *42 - Decreased function
  • *43 - Decreased function
chr19:41006967 rs58871670 G/G G
  • *45 - Uncertain function
chr19:41006968 rs373489637 T/T T
  • *37 - Decreased function
chr19:41007013 rs36079186 T/T T
  • *27 - Uncertain function
  • *35 - Uncertain function
chr19:41009313 A/A A
  • *46 - Uncertain function
chr19:41009350 rs45482602 C/C C
  • *3 - Uncertain function
chr19:41009358 rs2279343 A/A A
  • *4 - Increased function
  • *6 - Decreased function
  • *7 - Decreased function
  • *13 - No function
  • *18 - No function
  • *19 - Decreased function
  • *20 - Decreased function
  • *26 - Decreased function
  • *34 - Decreased function
  • *36 - Decreased function
  • *37 - Decreased function
  • *38 - No function
  • *39 - Decreased function
  • *40 - Decreased function
  • *41 - Decreased function
  • *42 - Decreased function
  • *43 - Decreased function
chr19:41010006 rs139029625 G/G G
  • *35 - Uncertain function
chr19:41010088 rs34698757 C/C C
  • *28 - No function
chr19:41010108 rs193922917 C/C C
  • *31 - Normal function
chr19:41012316 rs28399499 T/T T
  • *18 - No function
chr19:41012339 rs34826503 C/C C
  • *19 - Decreased function
chr19:41012393 rs754621576 T/T T
  • *47 - Uncertain function
chr19:41012394 rs780991919 A/A A
  • *47 - Uncertain function
chr19:41012465 rs34097093 C/C C
  • *28 - No function
chr19:41012466 rs200458614 G/G G
  • *40 - Decreased function
chr19:41012471 rs201500445 T/T T
  • *41 - Decreased function
chr19:41012478 rs200238771 T/T T
  • *48 - Uncertain function
chr19:41012693 rs35979566 T/T T
  • *15 - Uncertain function
chr19:41012740 rs193922918 G/G G
  • *32 - Normal function
chr19:41012803 rs35010098 C/C C
  • *21 - Uncertain function
chr19:41016652 rs764288403 G/G G
  • *49 - Uncertain function
chr19:41016679 rs374099483 G/G G
  • *42 - Decreased function
chr19:41016726 rs3211369 A/A A
  • *23 - Uncertain function
chr19:41016741 rs117872433 G/G G
  • *43 - Decreased function
chr19:41016778 rs564083989 G/G G
  • *24 - Uncertain function
chr19:41016805 A/A A
  • *25 - Uncertain function
chr19:41016810 rs3211371 C/C C
  • *5 - Normal function
  • *7 - Decreased function
  • *33 - Uncertain function
  • *34 - Decreased function

CYP2C19 allele match data

Allele Matched: *38/*38
Phasing Status:

Unphased

PharmCAT reports the genotype(s) that receive the highest score during the matcher process. In case of unphased data, additional genotypes might be possible and cannot be ruled out.

The CYP2C19 *38 allele assignment is characterized by the absence of variants at the positions that are included in the underlying allele definitions.

Calls at Positions

Position in VCF RSID Call in VCF Reference Related Alleles and Function Warnings
chr10:94761900 rs12248560 C/C C
  • *4 - No function
  • *17 - Increased function
chr10:94762706 rs28399504 A/A A
  • *4 - No function
chr10:94762712 rs367543002 C/C C
  • *34 - Uncertain function
chr10:94762715 rs367543003 T/T T
  • *34 - Uncertain function
chr10:94762755 rs55752064 T/T T
  • *14 - Uncertain function
chr10:94762760 rs17882687 A/A A
  • *15 - Normal function
  • *28 - Normal function
  • *35 - No function
  • *39 - Uncertain function
chr10:94762788 rs1564656981 A/A A
  • *29 - Uncertain function
chr10:94762856 rs1564657013 A/A A
  • *19 - Decreased function
chr10:94775106 rs145328984 C/C C
  • *30 - Uncertain function
chr10:94775121 rs1564660997 C/C C
  • *31 - Uncertain function
chr10:94775160 rs118203756 G/G G
  • *23 - Uncertain function
chr10:94775185 rs1288601658 A/A A
  • *32 - Uncertain function
chr10:94775367 rs12769205 A/A A
  • *2 - No function
  • *35 - No function
chr10:94775416 rs41291556 T/T T
  • *8 - No function
chr10:94775423 rs17885179 A/A A
  • *39 - Uncertain function
chr10:94775453 rs72552267 G/G G
  • *6 - No function
chr10:94775489 rs17884712 G/G G
  • *9 - Decreased function
chr10:94775507 rs58973490 G/G G
  • *2 - No function
  • *11 - Normal function
chr10:94780574 rs140278421 G/G G
  • *22 - No function
chr10:94780579 rs370803989 G/G G
  • *33 - Uncertain function
chr10:94780653 rs4986893 G/G G
  • *3 - No function
chr10:94781858 rs6413438 C/C C
  • *10 - Decreased function
chr10:94781859 rs4244285 G/G G
  • *2 - No function
chr10:94781944 rs375781227 G/G G
  • *26 - Decreased function
chr10:94781999 rs72558186 T/T T
  • *7 - No function
chr10:94842861 rs138142612 G/G G
  • *18 - Normal function
chr10:94842866 rs3758581 A/A A
  • *1 - Normal function
  • *2 - No function
  • *3 - No function
  • *4 - No function
  • *5 - No function
  • *6 - No function
  • *7 - No function
  • *8 - No function
  • *9 - Decreased function
  • *10 - Decreased function
  • *11 - Normal function
  • *12 - Uncertain function
  • *13 - Normal function
  • *14 - Uncertain function
  • *15 - Normal function
  • *17 - Increased function
  • *18 - Normal function
  • *19 - Decreased function
  • *22 - No function
  • *23 - Uncertain function
  • *24 - No function
  • *25 - Decreased function
  • *26 - Decreased function
  • *28 - Normal function
  • *29 - Uncertain function
  • *31 - Uncertain function
  • *32 - Uncertain function
  • *33 - Uncertain function
  • *35 - No function
  • *39 - Uncertain function
chr10:94842879 rs118203757 G/G G
  • *24 - No function
chr10:94842995 rs113934938 G/G G
  • *28 - Normal function
chr10:94849995 rs17879685 C/C C
  • *13 - Normal function
chr10:94852738 rs56337013 C/C C
  • *5 - No function
chr10:94852765 rs192154563 C/C C
  • *16 - Decreased function
chr10:94852785 rs118203759 C/C C
  • *25 - Decreased function
chr10:94852914 rs55640102 A/A A
  • *12 - Uncertain function

CYP2C9 allele match data

Allele Matched: *1/*1
Phasing Status:

Unphased

PharmCAT reports the genotype(s) that receive the highest score during the matcher process. In case of unphased data, additional genotypes might be possible and cannot be ruled out.

The CYP2C9 *1 allele assignment is characterized by the absence of variants at the positions that are included in the underlying allele definitions.

Calls at Positions

Position in VCF RSID Call in VCF Reference Related Alleles and Function Warnings
chr10:94938683 rs114071557 A/A A
  • *36 - Uncertain function
chr10:94938719 T/T T
  • *80 - Unassigned
chr10:94938737 rs67807361 C/C C
  • *7 - Uncertain function
chr10:94938771 rs142240658 C/C C
  • *21 - Uncertain function
chr10:94938788 C/C C
  • *83 - Unassigned
chr10:94938800 rs1364419386 G/G G
  • *76 - Unassigned
chr10:94938803 rs2031308986 A/A A
  • *22 - Uncertain function
chr10:94938828 rs564813580 A/A A
  • *37 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr10:94941897 rs371055887 G/G G
  • *20 - Uncertain function
chr10:94941915 G/G G
  • *23 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr10:94941958 rs72558187 T/T T
  • *13 - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr10:94941975 G/G G
  • *77 - Unassigned
chr10:94941976 G/G G
  • *38 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr10:94941982 rs762239445 G/G G
  • *39 - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr10:94942018 T/T T
  • *40 - Uncertain function
chr10:94942205 rs1304490498 CAATGGAAA
GA/
CAATGGAAA
GA
CAATGGAAA
GA
  • *25 - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr10:94942216 rs774607211 A/A A
  • *41 - Uncertain function
chr10:94942230 rs767576260 C/C C
  • *43 - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr10:94942231 rs12414460 G/G G
  • *42 - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr10:94942233 rs375805362 C/C C
  • *62 - Uncertain function
chr10:94942234 rs72558189 G/G G
  • *14 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
  • *35 - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr10:94942243 rs1375956433 T/T T
  • *78 - Unassigned
chr10:94942249 rs200965026 C/C C
  • *26 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
  • *44 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr10:94942254 rs199523631 C/C C
  • *45 - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr10:94942255 rs200183364 G/G G
  • *33 - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr10:94942290 rs1799853 C/C C
  • *2 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
  • *35 - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
  • *61 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr10:94942291 rs141489852 G/G G
  • *63 - Uncertain function
chr10:94942305 rs754487195 G/G G
  • *46 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr10:94942306 rs1289704600 C/C C
  • *72 - Unknown function
chr10:94942308 rs17847037 C/C C
  • *73 - Unknown function
chr10:94942309 rs7900194 G/G G
  • *8 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
  • *27 - Uncertain function
chr10:94947782 rs72558190 C/C C
  • *15 - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr10:94947785 rs774550549 C/C C
  • *47 - Uncertain function
chr10:94947869 A/A A
  • *69 - Uncertain function
chr10:94947907 A/A A
  • *57 - Unknown function
chr10:94947917 rs1326630788 T/T T
  • *48 - Uncertain function
chr10:94947938 rs2031531005 A/A A
  • *28 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr10:94947939 rs370100007 G/G G
  • *74 - Unknown function
chr10:94949129 A/A A
  • *49 - Uncertain function
chr10:94949144 C/C C
  • *50 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr10:94949145 rs772782449 C/C C
  • *82 - Unassigned
chr10:94949161 AT/AT AT
  • *85 - Unassigned
chr10:94949217 rs2256871 A/A A
  • *9 - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr10:94949280 rs9332130 A/A A
  • *10 - Uncertain function
  • *71 - Uncertain function
chr10:94949281 rs9332131 GA/GA GA
  • *6 - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr10:94972119 rs182132442 C/C C
  • *29 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr10:94972123 C/C C
  • *64 - Uncertain function
chr10:94972134 A/A A
  • *51 - Uncertain function
chr10:94972179 rs72558192 A/A A
  • *16 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr10:94972180 rs988617574 C/C C
  • *52 - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr10:94972183 A/A A
  • *81 - Unassigned
chr10:94972233 rs1237225311 C/C C
  • *53 - Uncertain function
chr10:94981199 G/G G
  • *65 - Uncertain function
chr10:94981201 rs57505750 T/T T
  • *31 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr10:94981224 rs28371685 C/C C
  • *11 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr10:94981225 rs367826293 G/G G
  • *34 - Uncertain function
chr10:94981230 rs1274535931 C/C C
  • *58 - Uncertain function
chr10:94981250 rs750820937 C/C C
  • *54 - Uncertain function
chr10:94981258 rs1297714792 C/C C
  • *79 - Unassigned
chr10:94981281 rs749060448 G/G G
  • *24 - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr10:94981296 rs1057910 A/A A
  • *3 - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
  • *18 - Uncertain function
  • *68 - Uncertain function
chr10:94981297 rs56165452 T/T T
  • *4 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr10:94981301 rs28371686 C/C C
  • *5 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr10:94981302 rs1250577724 C/C C
  • *55 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr10:94981305 rs578144976 C/C C
  • *66 - Uncertain function
chr10:94981365 C/C C
  • *17 - Uncertain function
chr10:94981371 rs542577750 G/G G
  • *68 - Uncertain function
chr10:94986042 rs764211126 A/A A
  • *56 - Uncertain function
chr10:94986073 rs72558193 A/A A
  • *18 - Uncertain function
chr10:94986136 rs1254213342 A/A A
  • *75 - Unknown function
chr10:94986174 rs1441296358 G/G G
  • *84 - Unassigned
chr10:94988852 rs776908257 C/C C
  • *67 - Uncertain function
chr10:94988855 A/A A
  • *59 - Uncertain function
chr10:94988880 G/G G
  • *70 - Uncertain function
chr10:94988917 rs769942899 G/G G
  • *19 - Uncertain function
chr10:94988925 rs202201137 A/A A
  • *61 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr10:94988955 rs767284820 T/T T
  • *60 - Uncertain function
chr10:94988984 rs781583846 G/G G
  • *30 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr10:94989020 rs9332239 C/C C
  • *12 - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
  • *71 - Uncertain function
chr10:94989023 rs868182778 G/G G
  • *32 - Uncertain function

Other Positions of Interest

Position in VCF RSID Call in VCF
chr10:94645745 rs12777823 G/G

CYP2D6 allele match data

Allele Reported: *1/*3
This comes from an outside data source which does not supply position-level detail. For specific disclaimers and limitations, see the original genotyping source.

CYP3A4 allele match data

Allele Matched: *1/*1
Phasing Status:

Unphased

PharmCAT reports the genotype(s) that receive the highest score during the matcher process. In case of unphased data, additional genotypes might be possible and cannot be ruled out.

The CYP3A4 alleles are determined based on PharmVar CYP3A4 allele definitions. See PharmCAT disclaimer for further information.
The CYP3A4 *1 allele assignment is characterized by the absence of variants at the positions that are included in the underlying allele definitions.

Calls at Positions

Position in VCF RSID Call in VCF Reference Related Alleles and Function Warnings
chr7:99758183 rs67666821 G/G G
  • *20 - No function
chr7:99758228 rs1584538410 T/T T
  • *46 - Unassigned
chr7:99760836 rs4986913 G/G G
  • *19 - Unassigned
chr7:99760901 rs4986910 A/A A
  • *3 - Unassigned
  • *37 - Unassigned
  • *38 - Unassigned
chr7:99760956 rs774109750 T/T T
  • *34 - Unassigned
chr7:99762047 rs4986909 G/G G
  • *13 - Decreased function
chr7:99762054 A/A A
  • *45 - Unassigned
chr7:99762069 T/T T
  • *47 - Unassigned
chr7:99762177 rs12721629 G/G G
  • *12 - Decreased function
chr7:99762186 rs756833413 C/C C
  • *33 - Unassigned
chr7:99762206 rs67784355 G/G G
  • *11 - Decreased function
  • *38 - Unassigned
chr7:99762234 rs1318364992 C/C C
  • *48 - Unassigned
chr7:99763877 rs368296206 A/A A
  • *32 - Unassigned
chr7:99763909 rs1303250043 G/G G
  • *31 - Unassigned
chr7:99763925 rs201821708 T/T T
  • *21 - Unassigned
chr7:99764003 rs28371759 A/A A
  • *18 - Decreased function
chr7:99766411 rs4646438 G/G G
  • *6 - No function
chr7:99766424 rs1429705359 T/T T
  • *44 - Unassigned
chr7:99766439 rs145582851 C/C C
  • *43 - Unassigned
chr7:99766440 rs138105638 G/G G
  • *26 - No function
chr7:99768360 rs55785340 A/A A
  • *2 - Unassigned
chr7:99768371 rs55901263 G/G G
  • *5 - Unassigned
chr7:99768424 rs113667357 T/T T
  • *24 - Unassigned
chr7:99768447 rs3208361 T/T T
  • *42 - Unassigned
chr7:99768458 rs4987161 A/A A
  • *17 - Decreased function
chr7:99768470 rs12721627 G/G G
  • *16 - Decreased function
chr7:99768693 rs35599367 G/G G
  • *22 - Decreased function
  • *37 - Unassigned
chr7:99769769 rs4986908 C/C C
  • *10 - Unassigned
chr7:99769781 rs72552798 C/C C
  • *9 - Unassigned
chr7:99769804 rs4986907 C/C C
  • *15 - Unassigned
chr7:99769805 rs57409622 G/G G
  • *23 - Unassigned
chr7:99770165 rs72552799 C/C C
  • *8 - Decreased function
chr7:99770166 rs778013004 G/G G
  • *30 - Unassigned
chr7:99770196 T/T T
  • *41 - Unassigned
chr7:99770202 rs55951658 T/T T
  • *4 - Unassigned
chr7:99770217 rs1449865051 A/A A
  • *29 - Unassigned
chr7:99778079 rs56324128 C/C C
  • *7 - Unassigned
chr7:99780036 G/G G
  • *40 - Unassigned
chr7:99784018 rs570051168 G/G G
  • *28 - Unassigned
chr7:99784038 rs12721634 A/A A
  • *14 - Unassigned
chr7:99784075 rs188389063 G/G G
  • *35 - Unassigned
chr7:99784078 rs1226205448 C/C C
  • *39 - Unassigned

CYP3A5 allele match data

Allele Matched: *1/*1
Phasing Status:

Unphased

PharmCAT reports the genotype(s) that receive the highest score during the matcher process. In case of unphased data, additional genotypes might be possible and cannot be ruled out.

The CYP3A5 *1 allele assignment is characterized by the absence of variants at the positions that are included in the underlying allele definitions.

Calls at Positions

Position in VCF RSID Call in VCF Reference Related Alleles and Function Warnings
chr7:99652770 rs41303343 T/T T
  • *7 - No function
chr7:99660516 rs28383479 C/C C
  • *9 - Unknown function
chr7:99665212 rs10264272 C/C C
  • *6 - No function
chr7:99672916 rs776746 T/T T
  • *3 - No function
chr7:99676198 rs55817950 G/G G
  • *8 - Unknown function

CYP4F2 allele match data

Allele Matched: *1/*1
Phasing Status:

Unphased

PharmCAT reports the genotype(s) that receive the highest score during the matcher process. In case of unphased data, additional genotypes might be possible and cannot be ruled out.

The CYP4F2 *1 allele assignment is characterized by the absence of variants at the positions that are included in the underlying allele definitions.

Calls at Positions

Position in VCF RSID Call in VCF Reference Related Alleles and Function Warnings
chr19:15878779 rs3093200 G/G G
  • *5 - Unassigned
chr19:15878920 rs4020346 T/T T
  • *17 - Unassigned
chr19:15879412 rs138971789 C/C C
  • *15 - Unassigned
chr19:15879621 rs2108622 C/C C
  • *3 - Unassigned
  • *4 - Unassigned
chr19:15886018 rs145174239 G/G G
  • *14 - Unassigned
chr19:15889671 rs144233412 C/C C
  • *13 - Unassigned
chr19:15890405 rs3093153 C/C C
  • *6 - Unassigned
chr19:15892541 rs145875499 C/C C
  • *12 - Unassigned
chr19:15895527 rs114396708 G/G G
  • *11 - Unassigned
chr19:15895560 rs144455532 G/G G
  • *10 - Unassigned
chr19:15897466 rs201380574 C/C C
  • *9 - Unassigned
chr19:15897473 rs115517770 G/G G
  • *8 - Unassigned
chr19:15897566 rs114099324 C/C C
  • *7 - Unassigned
chr19:15897578 rs3093105 A/A A
  • *2 - Unassigned
  • *4 - Unassigned

DPYD allele match data

Allele Matched: Reference/Reference
Phasing Status:

Unphased

The two lowest activity values (variant activity scores, see CPIC guideline PMID:29152729) are used for unphased data and the lowest activity value per allele is used for phased data to determine the gene activity score and phenotype to retrieve prescribing recommendations.
The DPYD Reference allele assignment is characterized by the absence of variants at the positions that are included in the underlying allele definitions.

Calls at Positions

Position in VCF RSID Call in VCF Reference Related Alleles and Function Warnings
chr1:97078987 rs114096998 G/G G
  • c.3067C>A - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97078993 rs148799944 C/C C
  • c.3061G>C - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97079005 rs140114515 C/C C
  • c.3049G>A - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97079071 rs1801268 C/C C
  • c.2983G>T (*10) - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97079076 rs139459586 A/A A
  • c.2978T>G - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97079077 rs202144771 G/G G
  • c.2977C>T - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97079121 rs72547601 T/T T
  • c.2933A>G - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97079133 rs72547602 T/T T
  • c.2921A>T - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97079139 rs145529148 T/T T
  • c.2915A>G - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97082365 rs141044036 T/T T
  • c.2872A>G - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97082391 rs67376798 T/T T
  • c.2846A>T - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr1:97098598 rs1801267 C/C C
  • c.2657G>A (*9B) - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97098599 rs147545709 G/G G
  • c.2656C>T - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97098616 rs55674432 C/C C
  • c.2639G>T - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97098632 rs201035051 T/T T
  • c.2623A>C - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97193109 rs60139309 T/T T
  • c.2582A>G - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97193209 rs200687447 C/C C
  • c.2482G>A - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97234958 rs199634007 G/G G
  • c.2336C>A - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97234991 rs56005131 G/G G
  • c.2303C>A - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97305279 rs112766203 G/G G
  • c.2279C>T - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr1:97305363 rs60511679 A/A A
  • c.2195T>G - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97305364 rs1801160 C/C C
  • c.2194G>A (*6) - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97305372 rs146529561 G/G G
  • c.2186C>T - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97306195 rs145548112 C/C C
  • c.2161G>A - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97373598 rs137999090 C/C C
  • c.2021G>A - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97373629 rs138545885 C/C C
  • c.1990G>T - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97382461 rs55971861 T/T T
  • c.1906A>C - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97450058 rs3918290 C/C C
  • c.1905+1G>A (*2A) - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97450059 rs3918289 G/G G
  • c.1905C>G - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97450065 rs72549303 TG/TG TG
  • c.1898delC (*3) - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97450068 rs17376848 A/A A
  • c.1896T>C - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97450168 rs147601618 A/A A
  • c.1796T>C - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97450187 rs145773863 C/C C
  • c.1777G>A - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97450189 rs138616379 C/C C
  • c.1775G>A - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97450190 rs59086055 G/G G
  • c.1774C>T - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97515784 rs201615754 C/C C
  • c.1682G>T - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97515787 rs55886062 A/A A
  • c.1679T>G (*13) - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97515839 rs1801159 T/T T
  • c.1627A>G (*5) - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97515851 rs142619737 C/C C
  • c.1615G>A - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97515865 rs1801158 C/C C
  • c.1601G>A (*4) - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97515889 rs190951787 G/G G
  • c.1577C>G - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97515923 rs148994843 C/C C
  • c.1543G>A - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97549565 rs138391898 C/C C
  • c.1519G>A - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97549600 rs111858276 T/T T
  • c.1484A>G - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97549609 rs72549304 G/G G
  • c.1475C>T - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97549681 rs199549923 G/G G
  • c.1403C>A - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97549713 rs57918000 G/G G
  • c.1371C>T - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97549726 rs144395748 G/G G
  • c.1358C>G - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97549735 rs72975710 G/G G
  • c.1349C>T - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97573785 rs186169810 A/A A
  • c.1314T>G - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr1:97573805 rs142512579 C/C C
  • c.1294G>A - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97573821 rs764666241 C/C C
  • c.1278G>T - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97573839 rs200064537 A/A A
  • c.1260T>A - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97573863 rs56038477 C/C C
  • c.1129-5923C>G, c.1236G>A (HapB3) - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr1:97573881 rs61622928 C/C C
  • c.1218G>A - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97573918 rs143815742 C/C C
  • c.1181G>T - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97573919 rs140602333 G/G G
  • c.1180C>T - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97573943 rs78060119 C/C C
  • c.1156G>T (*12) - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97579893 rs75017182 G/G G
  • c.1129-5923C>G - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
  • c.1129-5923C>G, c.1236G>A (HapB3) - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr1:97593238 rs72549305 T/T T
  • c.1108A>G - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97593289 rs143154602 G/G G
  • c.1057C>T - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97593322 rs183385770 C/C C
  • c.1024G>A - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97593343 rs72549306 C/C C
  • c.1003G>T (*11) - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97593379 rs201018345 C/C C
  • c.967G>A - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97595083 rs145112791 G/G G
  • c.934C>T - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97595088 rs150437414 A/A A
  • c.929T>C - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97595149 rs146356975 T/T T
  • c.868A>G - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr1:97679170 rs45589337 T/T T
  • c.775A>G - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97691776 rs1801266 G/G G
  • c.703C>T (*8) - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97699399 rs72549307 T/T T
  • c.632A>G - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97699430 rs72549308 T/T T
  • c.601A>C - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97699474 rs115232898 T/T T
  • c.557A>G - Activity Value 0.5 (Decreased function)
chr1:97699506 rs6670886 C/C C
  • c.525G>A - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97699533 rs139834141 C/C C
  • c.498G>A - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97699535 rs2297595 T/T T
  • c.496A>G - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97721542 rs200562975 T/T T
  • c.451A>G - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97721650 rs141462178 T/T T
  • c.343A>G - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97740400 rs150385342 C/C C
  • c.313G>A - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97740410 rs72549309 GATGA/
GATGA
GATGA
  • c.295_298delTCAT (*7) - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97883329 rs1801265 A/A A
  • c.85T>C (*9A) - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97883352 rs80081766 C/C C
  • c.62G>A - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)
chr1:97883353 rs72549310 G/G G
  • c.61C>T - Activity Value 0.0 (No function)
chr1:97883368 rs150036960 G/G G
  • c.46C>G - Activity Value 1.0 (Normal function)

G6PD allele match data

Variant Matched: B (reference)/B (reference)
Phasing Status:

Unphased

PharmCAT reports the genotype(s) that receive the highest score during the matcher process. In case of unphased data, additional genotypes might be possible and cannot be ruled out.

PharmCAT reports based on VCF file input and some VCF files do not specify hemizygous (one X chromosome) and instead represent samples as homozygous. See PharmCAT FAQs (https://pharmcat.org/faqs/).
The G6PD B (reference) allele assignment is characterized by the absence of variants at the positions that are included in the underlying allele definitions.

Calls at Positions

Position in VCF RSID Call in VCF Reference Related Alleles and Function Warnings
chrX:154532046 A/A A
  • Bangkok Noi - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532055 CTCT/CTCT CTCT
  • Brighton - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532082 G/G G
  • Arakawa - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532083 G/G G
  • Buenos Aires - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532085 C/C C
  • Campinas - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532086 C/C C
  • Fukaya - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532203 rs137852348 G/G G
  • Split - III/Deficient
chrX:154532231 T/T T
  • Laibin - Uncertain function
chrX:154532245 rs137852344 G/G G
  • Neapolis - III/Deficient
chrX:154532257 rs72554664 C/C C
  • Kaiping, Anant, Dhon, Sapporo-like, Wosera - II/Deficient
chrX:154532258 G/G G
  • Flores - II/Deficient
  • Kamiube, Keelung - III/Deficient
chrX:154532264 rs782608284 C/C C
  • Yunan - Uncertain function
chrX:154532265 C/C C
  • Nice - III/Deficient
chrX:154532269 rs72554665 C/C C
  • Bangkok Noi - I/Deficient with CNSHA
  • Canton, Taiwan-Hakka, Gifu-like, Agrigento-like - II/Deficient
  • Cosenza - II/Deficient
chrX:154532278 T/T T
  • Amiens - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532279 C/C C
  • Figuera da Foz - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532389 rs137852324 C/C C
  • Andalus - II/Deficient
chrX:154532390 rs398123546 G/G G
  • Hermoupolis - II/Deficient
  • Honiara - I/Deficient with CNSHA
  • Union,Maewo, Chinese-2, Kalo - II/Deficient
chrX:154532392 A/A A
  • Harima - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532403 C/C C
  • Cassano - II/Deficient
  • Hermoupolis - II/Deficient
chrX:154532408 T/T T
  • S. Antioco - II/Deficient
chrX:154532411 rs137852317 C/C C
  • Santiago de Cuba, Morioka - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532432 G/G G
  • Telti, Kobe - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532434 rs137852337 C/C C
  • Pawnee - II/Deficient
chrX:154532458 A/A A
  • Sumare - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532459 rs782098548 C/C C
  • Surabaya - II/Deficient
chrX:154532570 G/G G
  • Georgia - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532590 G/G G
  • 202G>A_376A>G_1264C>G - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532608 C/C C
  • Tokyo, Fukushima - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532623 T/T T
  • Munich - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532625 rs137852336 C/C C
  • Japan, Shinagawa - I/Deficient with CNSHA
  • Kawasaki - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532626 rs137852323 C/C C
  • Riverside - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532628 G/G G
  • Suwalki - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532629 G/G G
  • Utrecht - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532634 T/T T
  • Abeno - II/Deficient
chrX:154532639 C/C C
  • Clinic - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532649 G/G G
  • Covao do Lobo - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532661 T/T T
  • Anadia - II/Deficient
chrX:154532662 rs137852325 C/C C
  • Puerto Limon - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532667 G/G G
  • Bari - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532674 rs137852335 C/C C
  • Alhambra - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532676 rs137852316 C/C C
  • Nashville, Anaheim, Portici - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532677 G/G G
  • Wisconsin - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532679 A/A A
  • Krakow - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532688 T/T T
  • Praha - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532692 T/T T
  • Hartford - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532694 rs137852321 C/C C
  • Beverly Hills, Genova, Iwate, Niigata, Yamaguchi - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532695 rs137852334 G/G G
  • Guadalajara - I/Deficient with CNSHA
  • Mt Sinai - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532698 rs137852320 T/T T
  • Iowa, Walter Reed, Springfield - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532699 G/G G
  • Madrid - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532700 C/C C
  • Lynwood - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532701 rs137852322 A/A A
  • Tomah - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532713 A/A A
  • Olomouc - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532715 A/A A
  • Riley - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532716 T/T T
  • Calvo Mackenna - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532722 rs371489738 C/C C
  • Montpellier - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532752 CGGCCTTGC
GCTCGTTCA
G/
CGGCCTTGC
GCTCGTTCA
G
CGGCCTTGC
GCTCGTTCA
G
  • Tondela - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532758 T/T T
  • Tenri - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532765 rs137852329 G/G G
  • Aachen - I/Deficient with CNSHA
  • Loma Linda - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532772 rs137852345 G/G G
  • Serres - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532773 C/C C
  • Iwatsuki - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532797 rs137852333 G/G G
  • Ierapetra - II/Deficient
chrX:154532802 C/C C
  • Partenope - II/Deficient
chrX:154532945 rs34193178 C/C C
  • Mira d'Aire - IV/Normal
chrX:154532956 rs398123544 T/T T
  • Cincinnati - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532969 rs137852342 G/G G
  • Chinese-5 - III/Deficient
chrX:154532987 T/T T
  • Torun - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154532989 G/G G
  • Fushan - II/Deficient
chrX:154532990 rs5030869 C/C C
  • Chatham - II/Deficient
chrX:154533004 C/C C
  • Insuli - IV/Normal
chrX:154533012 CGTGGGGTC
GTCCAGGTA
CCCTTTG/
CGTGGGGTC
GTCCAGGTA
CCCTTTG
CGTGGGGTC
GTCCAGGTA
CCCTTTG
  • Nara - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154533016 G/G G
  • Farroupilha - II/Deficient
chrX:154533025 rs76723693 A/A A
  • A- 968C_376G - III/Deficient
chrX:154533029 rs137852347 A/A A
  • Rehevot - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154533031 C/C C
  • Manhattan - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154533044 rs137852339 C/C C
  • Kalyan-Kerala, Jamnaga, Rohini - III/Deficient
chrX:154533064 C/C C
  • Ludhiana - II/Deficient
chrX:154533072 C/C C
  • Omiya - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154533077 C/C C
  • Seoul - II/Deficient
chrX:154533083 C/C C
  • West Virginia - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154533122 rs137852327 C/C C
  • Ananindeua - II/Deficient
  • Hechi - II/Deficient
  • Viangchan, Jammu - II/Deficient
chrX:154533586 rs74575103 C/C C
  • Montalbano - III/Deficient
chrX:154533587 G/G G
  • Osaka - II/Deficient
chrX:154533589 A/A A
  • Piotrkow - I/Deficient with CNSHA
chrX:154533591 G/G G
  • Papua - Uncertain function
chrX:154533592 T/T T
  • Mizushima - II/Deficient
chrX:154533596 rs137852318 C/C C
  • Bajo Maumere - III/Deficient
  • Seattle, Lodi, Modena, Ferrara II, Athens-like - III/Deficient
chrX:154533605 T/T T
  • Chinese-1 - II/Deficient
  • Haikou - II/Deficient
chrX:154533607 G/G G